Argentina Under Spanish Rule and Revolution
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Questions and Answers

What was the main reason Argentina could not trade freely with other countries during Spanish rule?

  • Spanish settlers prioritized local production over imports.
  • The economy was heavily regulated by Spain. (correct)
  • Spain had a strong military presence in the colonies.
  • Argentina lacked the necessary ports to facilitate trade.

    • Which event in Europe significantly weakened Spain's control over its colonies in the early 1800s?

  • The signing of the Treaty of Paris.
  • The American Revolution.
  • The abdication of King Ferdinand VII. (correct)
  • The establishment of the Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata.

    • What was the outcome of the May Revolution in 1810?

  • The Spanish Viceroy was overthrown in Buenos Aires. (correct)
  • Total independence from Spain was immediately declared.
  • A new king was established for the colonies.
  • Buenos Aires became a part of a different Viceroyalty.

    • Which of the following ideas were spread by the American and French Revolutions that influenced revolutionary thoughts in Argentina?

    <p>Freedom, equality, and self-government.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the purpose of the Primera Junta?

    <p>To govern until the king of Spain could be restored</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a key reason some leaders were cautious about declaring full independence for Argentina?

    <p>Fear of losing military support from Spain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why did the people of Buenos Aires begin to question their loyalty to Spain during the Napoleonic Wars?

    <p>Spain could not protect itself from foreign invasion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Before 1776, which Viceroyalty encompassed what is now Argentina?

    <p>Viceroyalty of Peru.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What major military campaign did José de San Martín lead in 1817?

    <p>The Crossing of the Andes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role did the Army of the North play during the War for Independence?

    <p>To defend the new government and spread the revolution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was celebrated as a major national holiday in Argentina?

    <p>Revolution Day.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the situation after the May Revolution?

    <p>The revolution faced both internal and external conflicts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the economic situation in Buenos Aires during Spanish rule?

    <p>It was restricted by Spanish trade policies.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which notable figure is often compared to George Washington in the context of South America's independence?

    <p>José de San Martín</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What obstacle did San Martín face while trying to gain independence for Argentina?

    <p>Geographical barriers like the Andes Mountains</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the overall aim of the revolutionaries after the May Revolution?

    <p>To achieve complete independence from Spain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What event marked the beginning of Argentina's independence movement?

    <p>The May Revolution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why was 1816 a significant year for Argentina?

    <p>Argentina officially declared its independence from Spain.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary goal of the Congress of Tucumán in 1816?

    <p>To declare independence and unite provinces</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role did San Martín play in the independence of South American countries?

    <p>He helped liberate Argentina, Chile, and Peru.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What continued after the declaration of independence in Argentina?

    <p>War with royalist forces persisted for a few more years.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What external factor greatly influenced Argentina’s path toward independence?

    <p>Napoleon's invasion of Spain.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a key outcome of the Battle of Chacabuco?

    <p>It marked the defeat of Spanish forces in Chile.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How did the revolutionary forces in Argentina gain strength leading to independence?

    <p>By rallying local leaders like San Martín and Belgrano.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Argentina Under Spanish Rule

    • Spain controlled Argentina as part of the Viceroyalty of Peru until 1776.
    • The Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata, established in 1776, included Argentina, Bolivia, Paraguay, and Uruguay.
    • Spain heavily regulated trade in its colonies, limiting Argentina's economic potential.
    • Ideas of freedom and self-government from the American (1776) and French (1789) revolutions inspired Argentina's desire for independence.

    Napoleon's Invasion Sparks Revolution

    • Napoleon's invasion of Spain in 1808 weakened the Spanish monarchy and caused turmoil.
    • The people of Buenos Aires questioned their loyalty to a Spain unable to protect itself.

    The May Revolution (1810)

    • On May 25, 1810, the people of Buenos Aires overthrew Spanish Viceroy Baltasar Hidalgo de Cisneros.
    • This event is celebrated in Argentina as Revolution Day.
    • The First Assembly (Primera Junta) was created as a temporary government, delaying a full declaration of independence.
    • Different groups within the revolution had varying opinions on independence, ranging from immediate to cautious.

    War for Independence (1810-1816)

    • The fight for independence lasted six years between revolutionaries and loyalist Spanish forces.
    • The Army of the North was formed to defend the new government and expand the revolution across the Viceroyalty.
    • Internal conflicts between regions complicated the war, with differing ideas about independence and leadership.

    José de San Martín: A Key Figure

    • José de San Martín, a skilled military leader, was a crucial figure in the independence movement.
    • He returned to South America in 1812 to aid the fight for independence.
    • He believed that Argentina could not be truly free while Spain controlled the rest of South America.
    • The Crossing of the Andes, led by San Martín, secured Chile's liberation from Spanish control.

    The Declaration of Independence (1816)

    • Argentina officially declared its independence from Spain on July 9, 1816, at a Congress in Tucumán.
    • The declaration was influenced by Spain's weakened state and the strength of the revolutionary forces.
    • The Congress aimed to unite the provinces under one goal for independence.

    Aftermath of Independence

    • Argentina continued fighting against loyalist forces for several years, especially in the northern regions.
    • San Martín continued his campaign to liberate Peru, achieving success in 1821.
    • The early 1800s were marked by uncertainty, struggle, and bravery, laying the foundation for an independent Argentina.

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    Related Documents

    Argentina's Independence: A Deep Dive (PDF)

    Description

    Explore the historical context of Argentina under Spanish rule, including the establishment of the Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata. Learn about the influences of the American and French revolutions, and the significant May Revolution of 1810 that marked Argentina's path to independence.

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