Arduino Programming and Sensor Interfacing
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Questions and Answers

What is the function of the pinMode() command in Arduino programming?

  • To configure a pin as INPUT or OUTPUT (correct)
  • To turn an LED on or off
  • To read the value of a digital input
  • To delay program execution

    • Which command is used to output a PWM signal to dim an LED?

  • digitalRead()
  • analogWrite() (correct)
  • pinMode()
  • digitalWrite()

    • What does the delay(1000) function do in an Arduino sketch?

  • Initiates serial communication
  • Pauses the program for one second (correct)
  • Sets a digital output pin to LOW
  • Reads a value from a digital pin

    • Which type of sensor would be used to measure temperature and humidity?

    <p>DHT11/DHT22</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which communication method is initiated by the command Serial.begin(9600)?

    <p>Serial communication</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of memory is SRAM in Arduino, and what is its main characteristic?

    <p>Volatile, loses data when powered off</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component is best suited for controlling the speed of a DC motor?

    <p>PWM Signal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which function is used to read analog values from a pin in Arduino?

    <p>analogRead()</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the microcontroller on an Arduino board?

    <p>Act as the brain of the board</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many digital pins does the Arduino Uno have for I/O operations?

    <p>14</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the analog pins on the Arduino board?

    <p>To read signals from analog sensors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which function in the Arduino programming structure is executed only once at the beginning?

    <p>setup()</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the maximum DC current permitted per I/O pin on the Arduino Uno?

    <p>40 mA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What component on the Arduino board provides a clock signal to the microcontroller?

    <p>Crystal Oscillator</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these statements about the 'Blink' program is correct?

    <p>It causes an LED on pin 13 to blink.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the USB interface on an Arduino board?

    <p>To program and power the board</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of EEPROM in microcontrollers?

    <p>To store data that must be preserved between power cycles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does flash memory differ from EEPROM in terms of speed?

    <p>Flash memory is faster for reading, slower for writing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which programming language does NodeMCU support for development?

    <p>Lua</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a feature of the ESP8266 microcontroller?

    <p>11 GPIO pins with integrated Wi-Fi 802.11 b/g/n</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about GPIO pins in NodeMCU is true?

    <p>They are multifunctional and can be used for I2C</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of memory is used to store the microcontroller's firmware in NodeMCU?

    <p>Flash memory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What power supply option is commonly used for the NodeMCU?

    <p>Standard 5V through a micro USB cable</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common limitation of EEPROM memory?

    <p>Limited to 10,000 write cycles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Arduino Programming

    • pinMode(): sets a pin as an input or output.
    • digitalWrite(): sets a pin to HIGH or LOW.
    • digitalRead(): reads the value of a digital input.
    • analogRead(): reads a value from an analog pin (0-1023).
    • analogWrite(): outputs a Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) signal on pins marked with a tilde (~).

    Interfacing with Sensors and Actuators

    • Digital Actuators:
      • Servo Motor (SG90)
      • Stepper Motor
      • Relay Module
      • Digital Buzzer
    • Digital Sensors:
      • DHT11/DHT22 (Temperature and Humidity Sensor)
      • PIR Motion Sensor (HC-SR501)
      • Ultrasonic Distance Sensor (HC-SR04)
      • Infrared (IR) Obstacle Avoidance Sensor
    • Analog Actuators:
      • DC Motor
      • Servo Motor
      • LED (Brightness Control via PWM)
      • Vibration Motor (Controlled via PWM)
    • Analog Sensors:
      • Potentiometer
      • Soil Moisture Sensor
      • LDR (Light Dependent Resistor)
      • Temperature Sensor (LM35)
      • Gas Sensor (MQ-2, MQ-7, etc.)

    Memory Types

    • SRAM (Static Random-Access Memory):
      • Used for storing variables and temporary data during program execution.
      • Volatile memory (data lost when power off).
      • Very fast read/write operations.
    • EEPROM (Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory):
      • Used for storing data that needs to be preserved between power cycles (configuration settings, user preferences).
      • Non-volatile memory (data retained when power off).
      • Slower than SRAM; writing is particularly slow.
      • Limited write cycles (typically around 100,000).
    • Flash Memory:
      • Used for storing firmware (program code) and large amounts of data that need to be retained between power cycles.
      • Non-volatile memory (data retained when power off).
      • Faster than EEPROM for reading, slower for writing.
      • Complex write/erase processes.

    Arduino Uno Pin Structure

    • 14 Digital I/O Pins (6 provide PWM output).
    • 6 Analog Input Pins.
    • 40 mA DC current per I/O Pin.
    • 50 mA DC current for 3.3V Pin.
    • 32 KB Flash Memory (ATmega328) of which 0.5 KB is used by the bootloader.
    • 2 KB SRAM (ATmega328).
    • 1 KB EEPROM (ATmega328).
    • 16 MHz Clock Speed.

    NodeMCU and ESP8266

    • NodeMCU:
      • Open-source development board and firmware based on the ESP6266 Wi-Fi module.
      • Enables creating IoT projects by connecting microcontrollers to the internet.
    • ESP8266:
      • Low-cost Wi-Fi microchip with full TCP/IP stack and microcontroller capability.
      • Widely used in IoT applications due to its affordability and ease of use.

    What is Arduino?

    • Open-source electronics platform with easy-to-use hardware and software.
    • Designed for creating interactive projects.
    • Consists of a physical programmable circuit board (microcontroller) and a software (IDE) for writing and uploading code.

    Arduino Board Overview (Main Components)

    • Microcontroller: The brain of the Arduino board (ATmega328P for the Arduino Uno).
    • Digital Pins: Used for digital input/output operations (14 on Arduino Uno, numbered 0 to 13).
    • Analog Pins: Used for analog input (6 on Arduino Uno, labelled A0 to A5).
    • Power Supply Pins:
      • Vin: Input voltage when using an external power source (7-12V).
      • 5V: Provides regulated 5V from the board's regulator.
      • 3.3V: A 3.3V supply generated by the on-board regulator.
      • GND: Ground pins.
    • Reset Button: Resets the microcontroller.
    • USB Interface: Used for programming the Arduino board and for power.
    • Crystal Oscillator: Provides a clock signal to the microcontroller (typically 16 MHz for Arduino Uno).

    Arduino Programming Language

    • setup(): A function that runs once when you press reset or power the board.
    • loop(): The main part of your code, it runs continuously after the setup is done.
    • digitalWrite(13, HIGH): Turns on the LED connected to pin 13.
    • delay(1000): Waits for 1 second.
    • digitalWrite(13, LOW): Turns off the LED.
    • delay(1000): Waits for 1 second.
    • The program runs continuously, switching the LED on and off every second.

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    Arduino Introduction PDF

    Description

    Test your knowledge on Arduino programming and how to interface various sensors and actuators. This quiz covers essential functions like pinMode, digital and analog reads and writes, and explores different types of digital and analog sensors and actuators. Perfect for beginners and enthusiasts looking to improve their skills.

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