Arduino Ultrasonic Sensors and LCD Displays

Ultrasonic Sensor

• Measures distance using ultrasonic sound waves
• Primarily used as proximity sensors
• Found in self-parking cars and anti-collision systems
• Used in robotic obstacle detection and manufacturing technology
• Uses travel time of sound waves to determine distance
• Two parameters: Echo pin and state of pulse (High or Low)
• Distance calculation: distance = (duration * 0.0343) / 2

LCD Display

• Liquid crystal display used for user interface.
• Produces graphic images or text panels.
• Commonly used in 2 or more lines of text (16-20 characters).

Arduino Code (Example)

• trigPin: Output pin for triggering ultrasonic sensor
• echoPin: Input pin for receiving ultrasonic sensor signal
• buzzer: Output pin for buzzer (for alerts)
• ledPin: Output pin for LED (for alerts)
• duration: Variable for time of sound wave travel.
• distance: Variable for calculated distance
• safety distance: Variable for safe distance.
• pulseln(): Measures the time pulse of the sound wave
• Serial.begin(9600): Configures serial communication.
• Serial.print, Serial.println: Data is displayed

Arduino Code (continued)

• VO (LCD Contrast): Controls the brightness of the LCD.
• RS: Register Select, used to denote whether sending data or command.
• RW: Read/Write, controls if reading or writing data.
• E: Enables the Display.
• DB: Data Buses, carrying the data.
• pinMode(): Defines pin function (input/output).
• digitalWrite(): Sets digital output pin state to HIGH or LOW.
• delay(): Pauses code execution.
• Distance is presented on display calculated as distance = (duration*0.034)/2;
• Safety Distance is the distance; if less than 100, triggers buzzer and LED.

Additional Code (Page 2)

• Includes LiquidCrystal.h library for LCD

• Creates LiquidCrystal object with pin definitions

• lcd.begin(16, 2): Initializes LCD with 16 columns and 2 rows

• lcd.clear(): Clears LCD display

• lcd.print(): Prints text to LCD

• lcd.setCursor(x, y): Positions cursor for printing

• lcd.write(byte(n)): Prints custom characters to LCD

• createChar(i,array)

• Define custom characters to display on the LCD, i is the slot number (0 - 7) and array is the byte-representation of the characters.

This quiz covers the principles of ultrasonic sensors and their integration with LCD displays in Arduino projects. Learn how these technologies measure distance, display information, and are used in various applications such as robotics and automotive systems. Test your understanding of key components like pulse duration and coding examples.