Architecture Project Phases and Principles

Architectural Principles

• Utilitas: Pertains to the functionality and appropriateness of a project or space.
• Firmitas: Emphasizes the importance of a sturdy and reliable structure.
• Venustas: Focuses on aesthetic appeal and beauty within architectural design.

Phases of a Typical Project

• Schematic Design (SD): Involves programming, research, preliminary cost estimates, and creation of renderings and models. Requires owner agreement.
• Design Development (DD): Focuses on the technical aspects such as Mechanical, Electrical, Plumbing (MEP) systems, structural details, and architectural plans, sections, and elevations.
• Construction Documents (CD): Produces detailed drawings necessary for cost estimation and bidding processes.
• Bid or Negotiation Phase: Involves submission and acceptance of bids, followed by contract signing.
• Contract Administration (CA): Supports the contractor during construction to ensure adherence to specifications, culminating in a completed building.
• Commissioning (Cx): Verifies that systems function correctly and meets performance standards, potentially including energy monitoring and post-occupancy evaluations.

Drawing Set Organization

• Sheet Identification: Follows National CAD standards for organization.
• Discipline Designator: Categorizes the content; for example, 'A' for Architectural and 'S' for Structural.
• Sheet Type Designator: Uses single-digit codes to identify the type of sheet; '0' for General, '1' for Plans, '2' for Elevations.
• Sheet Sequence Designator: Utilizes two-digit numbering to identify the order of sheets within the same discipline and type, starting from 01.

Classification Systems

• Uniformat: Organizes information about construction elements based on their functions. Gained traction with the rise of Building Information Modeling (BIM).
• Masterformat: Classifies materials, equipment, and construction requirements. It's a historical, contract-based system focusing on material organization.

Design Constraints

• Limits to Design: Factors impacting design include costs, climate considerations, zoning laws, gravitational forces, and legal constraints.

Design Resources

• Resources for Design: Key elements include builders, knowledge, budget constraints, existing site conditions, and materials.
• Predesign: Involves recognizing design limits and available resources, including zoning laws, budgeting, and site analysis.

Topography

• Definition: Refers to the arrangement and features of a land surface.
• Contour Analysis: Contours that are spaced widely apart suggest a flat or gently sloping topography.