Questions and Answers
What is an architectural order?
What are the five orders in classical Greek and Roman architecture?
Ionic, Doric, Corinthian, Composite, Tuscan
What characterizes the Ionic order?
Volutes on their capitals
What forms the topmost member of a column?
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What is the entablature?
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What is the function of a cornice?
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What is a frieze?
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What are metopes?
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What does an arch do?
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What is relief in sculptural terms?
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What is a triglyph?
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What is travertine?
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What is a pediment?
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What is a tympanum?
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Study Notes
Architectural Order
- Defined as a specific arrangement of parts with uniform proportions, key in classical Greek and Roman architecture.
- Distinguished by column styles: Ionic, Doric, Corinthian, Composite, and Tuscan.
Ionic Order
- Originated from ancient Ionia, prevalent during the Greek Archaic Period (750-480 BCE).
- Notable for volutes on capitals; columns are slender compared to Doric columns.
Capital
- Topmost element of a column or pilaster, crucial for load distribution.
- Broadens the supporting surface area where the column meets structural weight.
Entablature
- Horizontal structure above columns, composed of architrave, frieze, and cornice.
- Includes the architrave (supporting member), the frieze (central, often ornamented section), and the cornice (projects beneath the pediment).
Cornice
- Decorative horizontal molding that crowns a building or architectural element.
- Serves practical function of directing rainwater away from walls.
Frieze
- Central section of the entablature, can be plain or elaborately decorated with bas reliefs in Ionic and Doric columns.
Metopes
- Rectangular elements between two triglyphs in a Doric frieze; often decorated with sculpture or painting.
- Famous example includes the Parthenon marbles depicting mythological battles.
Architrave
- A basic element in classical construction, positioned directly above the entablature.
- Functions as a lintel or beam resting on column capitals.
Lintel
- A structural or decorative element spanning openings like doors and windows.
- Often flanked by tympana and arches.
Relief
- Sculptural technique that creates the illusion of depth on a flat surface.
- Involves chiseling away surrounding material while leaving parts raised or prominent.
Triglyph
- Vertically channeled tablets typical in Doric friezes, alternated with metopes.
- Characterized by two complete and one divided channel.
Travertine
- A type of limestone formed by mineral springs, especially notable in architecture.
Pediment
- A triangular gable structure above the entablature, supported by columns.
- Often decorated within the tympanum with reliefs showcasing mythological themes.
Tympanum
- Decorative wall surface of an entrance area, bounded by lintel and arch.
- Frequently adorned with sculptures depicting mythological scenes.
Arch
- Curved structures that span spaces, capable of supporting overhead weight.
- Related to vaults, which are similar yet are defined by their enclosing structure.
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Description
Explore key architectural terms with our flashcards. This quiz focuses on the concept of architectural orders in classical Greek and Roman architecture, detailing their proportions and distinguishing features. Perfect for architecture students and enthusiasts alike!
