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Questions and Answers
Which key term is relevant to art, advertising, and architecture?
Which of the following mathematical concepts is included in preservation?
What is the primary distinction between Capitol and capital?
Capitol refers to a building where a legislative assembly meets, while capital refers to a city or financial center.
What was the original purpose of the Governor's Palace in Virginia?
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What were the four main treatment methods in preservation?
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Restoration aims to preserve a property’s evolved form.
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Who was Eugène Viollet-le-Duc?
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What does the term 'contemporary yet compatible' refer to in preservation efforts?
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What is the significance of the Elgin Marbles?
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The Antiquities Act was enacted in 1906.
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What organization was established to preserve historic buildings in New England?
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What is Strawberry Hill known for?
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Which of the following is an acronym related to historic preservation?
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What does HAER stand for?
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In what year was the Historic Sites Act enacted?
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The National Trust for Historic Preservation was established in 1956.
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What was the objective of the Mission 66 program?
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Who authored the book 'Silent Spring'?
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The National Environmental Policy Act was passed in _____ (year).
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Which architectural style is Penn Station in Manhattan known for?
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The National Historic Preservation Act was created in 1966.
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What is the main mission of the Association for Preservation Technology?
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Study Notes
Vocabulary and Key Concepts
- Juxtaposition: Relevant in art, advertising, and architecture.
- Facade, fenestration, porte cochere: Important architectural terms.
- Mathematical concepts like Golden Ratio, Golden Section, and Fibonacci Sequence influence preservation techniques.
- Understanding differences between similar terms is essential (e.g., "Capitol" vs. "capital," "restoration" vs. "rehabilitation").
NPS Treatment Methods
- Preservation methods depend on historical importance, physical state, intended use, and code requirements.
- Four main treatment methods: Preservation, Rehabilitation, Restoration, and Reconstruction.
Case Studies
- Governor's Palace: Built in 1722 in Virginia, highlighted significant expansions and archaeological work before its 1934 reconstruction.
- Historical illustrations guided the reconstruction to reflect its original form.
Preservation Terminology
- Differentiating terms like "Interior" vs. "Inside" and "muntin" vs. "mullion" is crucial in architectural preservation.
- "Contemporary yet compatible" emphasizes harmony between old and new designs.
Architectural Style and Historic Significance
- Architectural style reflects specific characteristics tied to time periods and popular regions.
- Historic significance arises from notable events or influential figures associated with a property.
Preservation Treatment Methods
- Preservation involves maintaining historic materials; rehabilitation allows for adaptive uses while keeping historical character.
- Restoration focuses on depicting a property's specific historical era, and reconstruction aims to recreate non-surviving elements based on evidence.
Notable Preservation Examples
- Stan Hywet Hall & Gardens: Multifaceted architectural example from 1915 in Ohio.
- Old State House: Saved from demolition in Philadelphia, now a landmark tied to American independence.
- Mount Vernon Ladies' Association: Early grassroots preservation organization founded in 1853.
Influential Figures in Preservation
- Eugène Viollet-le-Duc: Established principles for historical restoration, emphasizing the use of authentic materials.
- John Ruskin: Advocated for the moral aspect of architecture and criticized industrialization, promoting integrated conservation.
Historical Preservation Movements in the U.S.
- Early preservation efforts involved collaborations among genealogists, historians, and conservationists.
- Key milestones include the establishment of Yellowstone National Park and Casa Grande as the first national monument.
Preservation History and Legal Issues
- The Elgin Marbles represent ongoing debates about artifact ownership and cultural significance.
- Canyon de Chelly highlights the importance of preserving Native American heritage through indigenous management practices.
Early to Mid-1900s Preservation Efforts
- Rising preservation philosophy is illustrated by Drayton Hall's emphasis on stabilization.
- Williamsburg restoration initiated colonial aesthetic standards for historic towns.
- TWA Terminal's renovation demonstrates challenges in preserving modernist architecture.
Antiquities Act and Historic American Buildings Survey
- The 1906 Antiquities Act allows presidential protection of historic sites, setting a precedent for future conservation efforts.
- HABS documents significant American structures, serving as an invaluable preservation resource.
Jane Jacobs and Rachel Carson
- Jane Jacobs: Advocated for preservation as a revitalization tool; criticized urban renewal methods in "The Death and Life of American Cities."
- Rachel Carson: Sparked environmental awareness through "Silent Spring," leading to national pesticide policies and the creation of the EPA.
Influential Preservation Standards
- The Venice Charter (1964) set guidelines but overlooked site context and socio-economic factors, impacting preservation practices.
- National Historic Preservation Act (1966) created initiatives for preserving historic places and established the National Register.
National Initiatives and Movements
- Association for Preservation Technology: Promotes knowledge exchange among preservation professionals across multiple disciplines.
- National Environmental Policy Act: Established environmental preservation standards for federal projects.
Societal Impact and Urban Development
- Mission 66: A program aimed at enhancing visitor services in national parks, culminating in a comprehensive infrastructure initiative.
- Urban renewal efforts often displaced low-income communities, leading to challenges in responsible development and preservation.
Key Preservation Organizations
- The National Trust for Historic Preservation supports local preservation efforts and collaborates with various organizations to promote heritage conservation.
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Description
Explore the essential vocabulary and key concepts related to architectural preservation. This quiz covers important terms, treatment methods, and case studies such as the Governor's Palace reconstruction. Challenge your understanding of preservation terminology and historical context.
