Aquatic Science: Seafood & Fisheries

Types of Fishing Techniques

• Fishing techniques can be classified into non-destructive and destructive categories.
• Non-destructive techniques can become destructive if not carried out properly.

Non-Destructive Fishing Techniques

• Recreational Fishing:
  • Uses hook and line method.
  • Done for leisure, family, and friends' weekends and holidays.
  • Examples include annual competitions like 'Pertandingan Memancing Joran' and Bill Fishing Festival.
• Subsistence Fishing:
  • Uses hook and line, cast net, gill net, and manual harvesting of shellfish and seaweed.
  • Carried out in rivers, river mouths, estuaries, and coastal areas.
  • Done for domestic consumption or small side income.
• Commercial Fishing:
  • Involves catching fish and other seafood from wild sources for commercial profit.
  • Done on a large scale, often far into the ocean, under adverse conditions.
  • Provides a large quantity of food to many countries around the world.

Commercial Fishing

• Large scale commercial fishing is also known as industrial fishing.
• Harvests a wide variety of animals, including large and important fisheries worldwide.
• Examples of species caught include herrings, sardines, cod, anchovy, tuna, flounder, crabs, and lobster.
• Methods used are very efficient, including:
  • Large nets (trawl, seine nets, dredges, gill nets, and traps).
  • Factory ships with extensive fish processing facilities for processing and freezing fish.

Destructive Fishing Techniques

• Practices that result in irreversible damage to aquatic habitats and ecosystems.
• Examples include:
  • Dynamite or blast fishing, which kills many fish and other marine organisms.
  • Bottom trawling, which damages or destroys the environment.
  • Cyanide fishing, which kills coral and wreaks havoc on marine life.
• Destructive fishing is common in poor and developing countries.

This quiz assesses knowledge on choosing fresh seafood, functions of fisheries agencies in Malaysia, and fish catching methods. It covers types of fishing techniques, including non-destructive and destructive methods.