AQA GCSE Chemistry: Atomic Structure and the Periodic Table
23 Questions
4 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to Lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What is the smallest part of an element that can exist?

  • Atom (correct)
  • Isotope
  • Compound
  • Molecule

Which process can separate mixtures without involving chemical reactions?

  • Neutralization
  • Combustion
  • Oxidation
  • Filtration (correct)

What do chemical symbols represent?

  • Isotopes
  • Molecules
  • Compounds
  • Atoms (correct)

Which type of change is often involved in chemical reactions?

<p>Energy change (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How are compounds different from mixtures?

<p>Mixtures consist of substances chemically combined. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which physical process can separate mixtures based on differences in boiling points?

<p>Fractional distillation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can you calculate the average atomic mass of an element?

<p>Multiply the sum of isotope masses by the total abundance (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do electrons do in an atom's electronic structure?

<p>Occupy energy levels closest to the nucleus (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which shell of an atom would you find the most electrons?

<p>Shell 2 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the electronic structure of an atom determine?

<p>How many electrons are in each shell (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the electronic structure of sodium?

<p>2,8,1 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the plum pudding model of the atom based on?

<p>The discovery of the electron. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did the alpha particle scattering experiment conclude about the atom?

<p>The mass of an atom was concentrated at the centre (nucleus). (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the alpha particle scattering experiment, why were some alpha particles deflected and repelled?

<p>By a small concentration of positive charge in the nucleus. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did James Chadwick's work provide evidence for?

<p>The existence of neutrons within the nucleus. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the atomic number represent in an atom?

<p>The number of protons in an atom. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How did Neil Bohr's model explain the behavior of electrons in an atom?

<p>By suggesting electrons orbit the nucleus at specific distances. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the relative charge of a neutron?

<p>0 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is the overall charge of an atom maintained at 0?

<p>Number of protons equals number of electrons (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the relative mass of an electron compared to a proton?

<p>Very small (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the mass number of an atom represent?

<p>Sum of protons and neutrons (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which term describes atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons?

<p>Isotopes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the relative atomic mass take into account?

<p>Abundance of isotopes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

What is an atom?

The smallest unit of an element that can exist independently.

What are physical processes?

Processes that separate mixtures without changing the chemical composition of the substances.

What are chemical symbols?

Symbols that represent elements using one or two letters, with the first letter capitalized.

What are chemical changes?

Changes that involve the formation of new substances with different chemical properties.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What are compounds?

Substances formed by chemically bonding two or more different elements in a fixed ratio.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What are mixtures?

Substances made up of physically combined components that retain their individual properties.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What is distillation?

A physical process that separates mixtures based on their different boiling points.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What is atomic mass?

The average mass of an element's atoms, calculated from the weighted average of its isotopes based on their natural abundance.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What are electrons?

Negatively charged particles that orbit the nucleus of an atom in specific energy levels or shells.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What is the outer shell of an atom?

The shell with the highest energy level containing electrons, influencing an atom's chemical properties.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What is electron configuration?

The arrangement of electrons in different energy levels within an atom. It determines its chemical reactivity and position on the periodic table.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What is the electron configuration of sodium?

The electronic structure of sodium, indicating the number of electrons in each energy level.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What is the plum pudding model?

A model proposed by J.J. Thomson, which described atoms as a positively charged sphere with negatively charged electrons embedded like plums in a pudding.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What is the alpha particle scattering experiment?

An experiment conducted by Ernest Rutherford, which involved bombarding gold foil with alpha particles. It revealed that atoms have a dense, positively charged nucleus at their center surrounded by empty space.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What is the nucleus of an atom?

The dense, positively charged center of an atom, containing protons and neutrons.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What caused some alpha particles to be deflected in Rutherford's experiment?

The force that caused some alpha particles to be deflected from their path in Rutherford's experiment, due to the positive charge of the nucleus.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What did James Chadwick discover?

The discovery of the neutron by James Chadwick, a neutral particle located in the nucleus, explaining its stability.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What is the atomic number?

The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom, which defines the element.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What is Bohr's model of the atom?

A model proposed by Niels Bohr, which depicted electrons as orbiting the nucleus in specific energy levels, explaining their quantized energy states.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What is the relative charge of a neutron?

The relative charge of a neutron, indicating that it carries no electrical charge.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What is the overall charge of an atom?

The overall charge of an atom, which is zero due to an equal number of protons and electrons.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What is the relative mass of an electron?

The relative mass of an electron compared to a proton, indicating that the electron is significantly lighter.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What is the mass number?

The total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What are isotopes?

Atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What is relative atomic mass?

The weighted average of the atomic masses of all isotopes of an element, considering their natural abundance.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Study Notes

Fundamental Concepts in Chemistry

  • The smallest part of an element that can exist is an atom.
  • Physical processes, such as filtration or distillation, can separate mixtures without involving chemical reactions.

Chemical Symbols and Structures

  • Chemical symbols represent elements and consist of one or two letters, with the first letter always capitalized.
  • The involvement of chemical changes is common in chemical reactions, resulting in the formation of new substances.

Mixtures vs. Compounds

  • Compounds are chemically bonded substances made of two or more different elements, while mixtures consist of physically combined substances that retain their individual properties.
  • Distillation is a physical process that separates mixtures based on differences in boiling points.

Atomic Mass and Electrons

  • The average atomic mass of an element can be calculated using the weighted average of all its isotopes based on their natural abundance.
  • Electrons occupy various energy levels or shells in an atom, determining its electronic structure.

Electron Configuration and Its Implications

  • The shell with the highest number of electrons is typically the outer shell, impacting the atom's chemical properties.
  • The electronic structure of an atom determines its reactivity and placement in the periodic table.

Atomic Models and Experiments

  • The electronic structure of sodium is represented as 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s¹.
  • The plum pudding model, proposed by J.J. Thomson, suggested that atoms are composed of a positive 'soup' with negatively charged electrons scattered throughout.

Insights from Alpha Particle Experiment

  • The alpha particle scattering experiment, conducted by Ernest Rutherford, concluded that atoms have a dense nucleus at their center, surrounded by empty space.
  • Some alpha particles were deflected and repelled due to repulsion by the positive nucleus.

Historical Contributions to Atomic Theory

  • James Chadwick's work provided evidence for the existence of the neutron, explaining the atomic nucleus' stability.
  • The atomic number of an atom represents the number of protons in its nucleus, defining the element.

Bohr's Model of the Atom

  • Niels Bohr's model depicted electrons as occupying specific energy levels, explaining their behavior and quantized energy states.
  • The relative charge of a neutron is neutral, contributing to the overall stability of the nucleus.

Atoms and Their Mass

  • The overall charge of an atom is maintained at zero due to an equal number of protons (positive charge) and electrons (negative charge).
  • The relative mass of an electron is substantially smaller than that of a proton, approximately 1/1836.
  • The mass number represents the total number of protons and neutrons in an atom's nucleus.

Isotopes and Atomic Mass

  • Atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons are known as isotopes.
  • The relative atomic mass takes into account the weighted average of all isotopes of an element, based on their natural abundance.

Studying That Suits You

Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

Quiz Team

Description

Learn about a simple model of the atom, symbols, relative atomic mass, electronic charge, and isotopes. Explore how atoms, elements, and compounds are related, and the significance of chemical symbols in representing elements.

More Like This

Use Quizgecko on...
Browser
Open
Browser
Browser