AQA GCSE Chemistry Topic 2

Questions and Answers

What is the periodic table?

A chart showing chemical reactions

The way in which the elements are organized and classified (correct)

A list of all known compounds

A graph of atomic weights

Who proposed one of the first periodic tables?

John Dalton

Who arranged the elements into sets of eight based on similar properties?

John Newlands

Which chemist proposed the periodic table we use today?

Dmitri Mendeleev Signup and view all the answers

What does the atomic number of an element define?

The number of protons Signup and view all the answers

What is a group in the periodic table?

A column going down Signup and view all the answers

What is a period in the periodic table?

A row going across Signup and view all the answers

Where are metals located in the periodic table?

To the left Signup and view all the answers

Where are non-metals found in the periodic table?

Top right-hand corner Signup and view all the answers

What are noble gases?

Group 0 of the periodic table Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes alkali metals?

Group 1 of the periodic table Signup and view all the answers

How does reactivity trend down the alkali metals group?

Increases Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the reactivity of halogens as you go down the group?

Decreases Signup and view all the answers

Metal atoms tend to _____ electrons.

lose Signup and view all the answers

Non-metals tend to _____ electrons.

gain Signup and view all the answers

What are the two products formed when an alkali metal reacts with water?

Metal hydroxide and hydrogen Signup and view all the answers

Describe the reaction of lithium with water.

Floats, fizzes steadily until it disappears Signup and view all the answers

What happens when sodium reacts with water?

Melts to form a ball, fizzes rapidly and may form an orange flame Signup and view all the answers

Describe the reaction of potassium with water.

Fizzes rapidly, sets on fire with a purple flame and a 'pop' sound Signup and view all the answers

What effect does size have on the reactivity of alkali metals?

Larger elements have outer electrons further away and easier to remove Signup and view all the answers

What is a displacement reaction?

A reaction in which a more reactive halogen takes the place of a less reactive halogen Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

The Periodic Table

Organized classification of elements based on regularly repeating patterns.

Key Scientists

John Dalton: Proposed an early periodic table based on atomic weight.
John Newlands: Arranged elements into sets of eight, noting similarities every eighth element.
Dmitri Mendeleev: Developed the modern periodic table, leaving gaps for undiscovered elements; widely accepted in the scientific community.

Element Classification

Atomic Number: Number of protons in an element, determining its position in the periodic table.
Groups: Vertical columns; group number indicates the number of outer shell electrons.
Periods: Horizontal rows across the periodic table.

Types of Elements

Metals: Found on the left of the table; good electrical conductors.
Non-metals: Located in the upper right corner; act as electrical insulators.
Noble Gases: Located in Group 0; known for their unreactivity due to full outer electron shells.
Alkali Metals: Group 1; characterized by increasing melting/boiling points down the group, vigorous reactions with water, and increasing reactivity from lithium to potassium.
Halogens: Group 7; exhibit decreasing reactivity down the group, form negative ions, and covalent bonds with non-metals.
Transition Metals: Central block of metals; higher melting points and densities than alkali metals, less reactive, and act as important industrial catalysts.

Reactivity Trends

Alkali Metals: Reactivity increases down the group as outer electrons are further from the nucleus, making them easier to remove.
Halogens: Reactivity decreases down the group due to increased shielding of the nucleus, weakening its ability to attract electrons.

Chemical Reactions

Alkali metal + water produces metal hydroxide and hydrogen gas.
Lithium reacts by floating and fizzing slowly until disappearance.
Sodium forms a ball, fizzes rapidly, and may ignite with an orange flame.
Potassium fizzes rapidly, ignites with a purple flame, sometimes producing a 'pop' sound.

Additional Information

Displacement Reaction: More reactive halogen replaces a less reactive one.
Metal Atoms: Tend to lose electrons.
Non-metals: Tend to gain electrons.

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Test your knowledge on the Periodic Table with our flashcards. This quiz covers key concepts and historical figures like John Dalton and John Newlands. Perfect for AQA GCSE Chemistry students looking to reinforce their understanding of element classification.