Food For Life Final Exam

Folic acid, a B vitamin, is crucial during pregnancy, preventing neural tube defects in the developing baby. Doctors recommend 400 micrograms daily.

Calcium is vital for healthy bone development in the baby. Pregnant women need 1000 milligrams daily, which helps the baby's bones grow strong.

While no extra calories are needed during the first trimester, the second trimester requires an additional 340 calories, and the third trimester an extra 450 daily.

The single cell formed by the union of sperm and egg, called a zygote, develops into an embryo when it attaches to the uterine wall.

By the end of the third month, all major organs are present. By the seventh month, the fetus practices breathing movements. In the eighth month, it receives antibodies from the mother.

Constipation is common due to hormonal changes. Eating high fiber foods and drinking plenty of water can help.

Heartburn is caused by the hormone progesterone, which relaxes the stomach muscles, allowing stomach acid to back up. Yogurt and milk can provide some relief.

Morning sickness is a common pregnancy symptom. Consuming ginger can help alleviate nausea.

High blood pressure during pregnancy, a serious concern, requires careful medical management.

Gestational diabetes occurs when the body doesn't produce enough insulin during pregnancy, requiring management through diet, exercise, and medication.

Hemorrhoids, swollen veins in the rectum, are caused by increased pressure on blood vessels, not heartburn.

Spina bifida occurs when gaps in the spine's bones cause the spinal cord to bulge outwards, potentially leading to physical disabilities.

FAS is a disorder caused by alcohol consumption during pregnancy. Fetuses can experience physical, mental, and behavioral problems.

This is a serious condition during pregnancy characterized by extreme nausea and vomiting that requires medical attention.

Eating large meals can worsen heartburn during pregnancy by putting more pressure on the stomach and making acid reflux more likely.

While caffeine doesn't directly harm the baby, excessive consumption can make babies irritable and interfere with sleep.

Smoking hinders the fetus's ability to receive essential nutrients and oxygen from the mother, potentially leading to preterm birth, low birth weight, and developmental delays.

Exposure to second-hand smoke during pregnancy is also harmful to the fetus, impacting its growth and development.

The umbilical cord acts as a lifeline, connecting the placenta to the baby, providing oxygen and nutrients.

Pica is a condition where pregnant women crave and consume non-food items like clay, starch, or paste. This can be dangerous and needs medical assessment.

There is no safe level of alcohol consumption during pregnancy. Any amount can harm the developing fetus.

Swollen ankles and feet are a common symptom in the third trimester, but not the first, due to fluid retention and increased blood volume.

Vernix, a thick white coating on the fetus, protects the baby's skin from amniotic fluid and aids with easy delivery.

Prenatal vitamins provide essential nutrients not always obtained through diet, ensuring the needs of both the mother and developing baby are met.

Teenage pregnancies often face challenges like financial limitations, lack of support, and social stigma, which can affect the mother's well-being and the baby's development.

Teenage mothers face an increased risk of preterm birth, low birth weight, and developmental delays in their baby due to inadequate prenatal care and biological factors.

Mothers over 35 face increased risks of pregnancy complications like gestational diabetes, high blood pressure, and premature birth.

Fetuses born to mothers over 35 are more likely to have chromosomal abnormalities, such as Down syndrome, due to aging eggs.

Heart problems in pregnancy can affect both the mother and the fetus, increasing risks for both. Careful monitoring and treatment are essential.

Gestational diabetes can lead to complications for both mother and baby, such as premature birth, stillbirth, and birth defects. It's important to manage it through diet, exercise, and medication.

Multiple pregnancies, especially those with twins or triplets, increase the risk of preterm birth, low birth weight, and other complications. Specialized care is vital.

Adequate folic acid intake during pregnancy is essential to prevent spina bifida, a condition affecting the spine's development.

Fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) is a serious condition that occurs when a pregnant woman consumes alcohol. It can lead to lifelong physical, mental, and behavioral challenges for the child.

The process of breaking down food into smaller, usable molecules that your body can absorb.

The usable parts of food that your body needs for growth, repair, and energy.

A muscular tube that connects your throat to your stomach.

A watery liquid produced in your mouth that helps moisten and break down food.

A small ball of food formed in your mouth before being swallowed.

Muscle contractions that move food down the digestive tract.

Food as it leaves the stomach and enters the small intestine.

It produces bile, which helps break down fats into smaller droplets.

It produces pancreatic juice, which contains enzymes that help digest food in the small intestine.

Substances that chemically break down food into simpler substances.

Tiny finger-like projections that line the small intestine, absorbing nutrients into the bloodstream.

A unit of measurement for how much energy a food contains.

To provide our bodies with energy and nutrients for growth, repair, and daily activities.

It travels down the esophagus to the stomach, where it's broken down further.

Strong acids and powerful enzymes mix and churn the food.

In the small intestine, through tiny finger-like projections called villi.

It allows our body to use the energy and nutrients from food for growth, repair, and everyday life.

The pancreas produces pancreatic juice containing enzymes that help digest food in the small intestine.

Digestion breaks down food into smaller molecules, while absorption takes those molecules into the bloodstream.

The liver produces bile, which helps break down fats into smaller droplets.

A system that focuses on identifying, evaluating, and controlling hazards that can cause foodborne illnesses at every stage of food production, from farm to table.

The transfer of harmful bacteria or other microorganisms from one food to another, usually through improper handling, storage, or preparation.

Canned goods with a swelled top or bottom are a sign of potential contamination, as bacteria inside can build up pressure and expand the container.

The presence of foreign objects in food, such as hair, glass shards, or insects, which can be harmful if ingested.

Bacteria are the main cause of most foodborne illnesses, often due to poor hygiene practices and improper food handling.

The temperature range where bacteria grow most rapidly, between 41°F (5°C) and 135°F (57°C).

A method to rapidly cool cooked food to safe temperatures, involving two stages: 135°F to 70°F within 2 hours, then 70°F to 41°F within 4 hours.

The six factors that contribute to the growth of bacteria: Food, Acidity, Time, Temperature, Oxygen, Moisture.

The transfer of harmful bacteria from one food to another, often through contaminated equipment or hands.

Thawing frozen food in the refrigerator. This ensures a slow, even thaw while keeping the food cold and safe.

Cleaning removes dirt and debris, while sanitizing kills harmful bacteria, leaving surfaces germ-free.

To quickly cool cooked food to safe temperatures, preventing the growth of harmful bacteria.

To prevent cross-contamination. Using separate boards ensures that harmful bacteria from raw foods don't transfer to cooked foods.

Wetting your hands thoroughly with clean, running water. This helps remove loose dirt and debris.

FIFO stands for First In, First Out. It's a stock rotation method prioritizing using the oldest items first.

Ready to Eat (RTE) food should be placed on the top shelf of the refrigerator to prevent cross-contamination.

Scrubbing your hands vigorously for a minimum of 10-15 seconds is essential for effective handwashing.

No, it's not. The last step is to dry your hands completely with a single-use paper towel.

Reject the flour and return it to the supplier. Damp flour can harbor bacteria and mold.

Bacteria are the main cause of most foodborne illnesses. They can grow in food if it's not handled properly.

Proper handwashing is crucial for removing dirt, germs, and bacteria. This protects you and others from foodborne illnesses.

FIFO stands for 'First In, First Out'. It means using the oldest stock of ingredients first. This helps prevent food from spoiling.

Girls typically grow about "2.5-3 inches" each year during adolescence.

Boys typically grow about "3-4 inches" each year during adolescence.

Iron deficiency can lead to "anemia", a condition where the body lacks enough healthy red blood cells.

Teen girls need about "15 mg" of iron each day.

Teen boys need about "11 mg" of iron each day.

Vitamin C helps the body absorb iron.

Calcium deficiency can lead to "osteoporosis", a condition where bones become weak and brittle.

Teenagers need about "1300 mg" of calcium each day.

"Tannins", found in tea and coffee, can hinder the absorption of iron and calcium.

The best way for athletes to gain muscle is through "consistent exercise and proper nutrition".

Teenagers should aim for at least "60 minutes" of physical activity each day.

Caffeine supplements can lead to "increased alertness and energy levels" but can also cause anxiety, sleep problems, and dehydration.

Electrolyte drinks are best consumed "during and after physical activity" to replace fluids and minerals lost through sweat.

Creatine supplements can "increase muscle mass and strength" and lead to improved performance.

Females need more iron than males because "they lose iron through menstruation".

Examples of nutrient-dense foods include "fruits, vegetables, lean meats, fish, and whole grains".

Sweating is the body's way of "regulating temperature" and cooling down.

Three symptoms of anorexia nervosa include: "distorted body image, excessive calorie restriction, and intense fear of gaining weight".

Three symptoms of bulimia nervosa include: "binge eating followed by purging, self-induced vomiting or use of laxatives, and a sense of shame and guilt".

Three symptoms of binge eating disorder include: "eating large amounts of food in a short period of time, feeling out of control during eating episodes, and experiencing guilt and shame after binges".

Night eating syndrome involves "frequent nighttime eating" with a feeling of not being able to stop, and a lack of hunger during the day.

Pica is a condition where someone "craves and eats non-food items" like clay, dirt, or ice.

Purging disorder involves "repeatedly purging after eating" through vomiting, using laxatives, or excessive exercise.

Rumination disorder involves repeatedly "bringing partially digested food back up to the mouth" and re-chewing or spitting it out.

The Atkins diet emphasizes "low-carb consumption" and has four phases: induction, ongoing weight loss, pre-maintenance, and lifetime maintenance.

The Mediterranean diet emphasizes "olive oil, legumes, unrefined cereals, fruits and vegetables, fish, dairy and wine".

The Weight Watchers diet emphasizes "low-calorie food options using portion-controlled foods and structured meal plans".

The Paleo diet emphasizes "eating foods eaten by ancient ancestors", such as meat, nuts and berries.

The SlimFast diet involves "meal replacement system using shakes" to replace breakfast and lunch.

The South Beach Diet emphasizes "eating high-fiber, low-glycemic carbohydrates, unsaturated fats, and lean proteins".

The Sugar Busters Diet involves "initially eliminating all sugar in the diet", and gradually adds back natural sugars and a little added sugar.

This diet allows "no food off-limits", but users measure and limit the quantity of their food intake using the "points" system.

During adolescence, girls typically grow 2.5-3 inches each year.

During adolescence, boys typically grow 3-4 inches each year.

Iron deficiency can lead to anemia, a condition where the body lacks enough healthy red blood cells.

Teen girls need about 15 mg of iron each day.

Teen boys need about 11 mg of iron each day.

Vitamin C helps the body absorb iron.

Calcium deficiency can lead to osteoporosis, a condition where bones become weak and brittle.

Teenagers need about 1300 mg of calcium each day.

A bone disorder caused by a deficiency in vitamin D, which is essential for calcium absorption and bone growth.

A mineral that strengthens tooth enamel and helps prevent cavities.

A vitamin crucial for blood clotting, helping to form blood clots to stop bleeding.

A condition caused by iron deficiency, where the body lacks enough healthy red blood cells to carry oxygen.

A bone disease characterized by weak, brittle bones, making them more susceptible to fractures.

Compounds found in tea, coffee, and some fruits that can hinder the absorption of iron and calcium.

Combining consistent exercise with a balanced diet that provides adequate protein and calories is the most effective way to gain muscle.

A condition where a person's body weight is 20% or more higher than the average weight for their age and height.

When someone eats only one or a few specific foods for a prolonged period.

A condition caused by damage to the heart and blood vessels, often due to factors like high cholesterol and high blood pressure.

A form of diabetes that often develops in adults and obese children.

Food and drinks available in school settings that aren't part of government-funded lunch programs, like vending machines, school stores, and fundraisers.

A plan that outlines how schools promote healthy eating and physical activity for their students.

A condition where the blood lacks enough healthy red blood cells, often due to iron deficiency.

A state where the body doesn't get enough essential vitamins, minerals, and other nutrients for proper health.

A mineral needed to prevent anemia; found in red meat, beans, and leafy greens.

A mineral crucial for bone and teeth health, muscle function, and blood clotting; found in dairy products, leafy greens, and fortified foods.

An eating disorder characterized by excessive calorie restriction, intense fear of gaining weight, and a distorted body image.

An eating disorder characterized by cycles of binge eating followed by purging, often through vomiting or using laxatives, and feelings of guilt and shame.