APUSH Progressivism Flashcards

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Questions and Answers

What was the Ballinger-Pinchot Affair about?

Taft's support for conservation policies

The dismissal of Pinchot by Taft (correct)

Public lands opened against Roosevelt's policies (correct)

All of the above

What did the Payne-Aldrich Act aim to achieve?

Lower tariff rates

What year was the Meat Inspection Act passed?

1906

What was the purpose of the Pure Food and Drug Act?

To prevent adulteration and mislabeling of food and pharmaceuticals Signup and view all the answers

What was the Newlands Act?

Congressional response to Roosevelt allowing irrigation project funding Signup and view all the answers

What was Dollar Diplomacy?

Taft's foreign policy replacing military with economic investment Signup and view all the answers

What did the Seventeenth Amendment change?

How U.S. Senators are elected Signup and view all the answers

The Eighteenth Amendment legalized the sale of liquor.

False Signup and view all the answers

What was the Elkins Act aimed at?

The Railroad industry and use of rebates Signup and view all the answers

What rights did the Hepburn Act grant to the ICC?

The right to set reasonable rates Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of the Northern Securities Case?

The company was forced to dissolve Signup and view all the answers

Define 'initiative' in the context of politics.

Petitioning a legislature to introduce a bill Signup and view all the answers

What is a referendum?

Citizens vote on laws Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of a recall?

To remove an incompetent politician from office Signup and view all the answers

What is conservation in the context of the Progressive movement?

Preserving natural resources Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'muckrakers' refer to?

Reporters who investigate and expose social issues Signup and view all the answers

Who was William Howard Taft?

President who succeeded Roosevelt and divided the Republican Party Signup and view all the answers

What was Robert M. La Follette known for?

Progressive reforms in Wisconsin Signup and view all the answers

What significant reforms did Hiram Johnson promote?

Ending trusts' political influence Signup and view all the answers

Who was Charles Evans Hughes?

Reformist governor and presidential candidate Signup and view all the answers

What impact did Upton Sinclair's 'The Jungle' have?

Increased awareness of food safety Signup and view all the answers

What was the main argument in Henry Demarest Lloyd's 'Wealth Against Commonwealth'?

Critique of Standard Oil monopoly Signup and view all the answers

What did Jacob Riis document in 'How the Other Half Lives'?

Life in the slums Signup and view all the answers

Who was Ida Tarbell?

Muckraker who investigated Standard Oil Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Ballinger-Pinchot Affair

Secretary of Interior Ballinger opened public lands in Wyoming, Montana, and Alaska, conflicting with Roosevelt's conservation efforts.
Chief of Forestry Pinchot backed Roosevelt and sought Ballinger's dismissal.
President Taft sided with Ballinger and dismissed Pinchot, leading to a split in the Republican Party.

Payne-Aldrich Act

Signed by Taft in March 1909, intended to reduce tariff rates but resulted in increases due to Senator Aldrich's revisions.
Created a divide in the Republican Party between progressives advocating lower tariffs and conservatives favoring higher tariffs.

Meat Inspection Act

Enacted in 1906 to ensure federal inspection of meat preparation for interstate shipment.
Aimed as part of Progressive reforms to protect consumers.

Pure Food and Drug Act

Introduced in 1906 to prevent the adulteration and mislabeling of foods and pharmaceutical products.
Intended to safeguard consumer health and interests.

Newlands Act

Established in 1902 as a response to Theodore Roosevelt's vision for irrigation development.
Mandated collection of funds from sales of public lands for irrigation projects in the west.

Dollar Diplomacy

Taft's foreign policy strategy emphasized financial investments over military intervention.
Proved effective primarily in Latin America rather than China.

Seventeenth Amendment

Adopted in 1913, establishing direct popular election of U.S. Senators, replacing selection by state legislatures.
Aimed to reduce the influence of political machines and promote democracy.

Eighteenth Amendment

Ratified in 1919, forbidding the manufacture and sale of intoxicating liquors.
Initiated the era of Prohibition in the United States.

Elkins Act

Aimed at curbing unfair practices in the railroad industry, targeting rebates.
Introduced heavy fines for companies using or accepting rebates, as part of Progressive reforms.

Hepburn Act

Passed in 1906; granted the Interstate Commerce Commission (ICC) authority to regulate railroad rates.
Expanded ICC jurisdiction to encompass various transportation sectors, prohibiting free passes and rebates.

Northern Securities Case

A 1902 action led by Roosevelt, resulting in the dissolution of the Northern Securities Company, a major holding company.
Marked Roosevelt's first significant trust-busting initiative.

Initiative

A process allowing citizens to petition legislatures to introduce new laws.
Central to Populist and later Progressive movements for more direct democracy.

Referendum

A mechanism enabling voters to decide on laws directly, rather than going through state or national governments.
Initially a Populist reform, later adopted by Progressives.

Recall

Allowed voters to call a second election to remove an ineffective politician from office.

Conservation

A movement focused on preserving natural resources and curtailing environmental degradation.

Muckrakers

Investigative journalists who exposed societal issues and corruption, funded by popular magazines.
Roosevelt coined the term "muckrakers" in 1906 to describe these reform-minded writers.

William Howard Taft

Elected president in 1908, succeeding Roosevelt; pursued foreign policy through economic means.
Filed antitrust suits against 90 companies, but struggled politically, contributing to the Republican Party's division.

Robert M. La Follette

Progressive Republican and Wisconsin governor, known for the "Wisconsin Idea" advocating state-level reform.
Utilized a panel of experts, or "brain trust," for efficient governance.

Hiram Johnson

Elected governor of California in 1910, he dismantled Southern Pacific Railroad's political power and combated trusts.

Charles Evans Hughes

Reformist Republican governor of New York; recognized for investigating malpractice in gas, insurance, and the coal industry.
Ran against Woodrow Wilson in the 1916 presidential election.

Upton Sinclair

Author of "The Jungle" (1906), aimed at highlighting workers’ conditions in the meatpacking industry.
The book stirred public outrage over unsanitary food practices, spurring demand for safer products.

Henry Demarest Lloyd

Authored "Wealth Against Commonwealth" (1894), criticizing the monopoly of the Standard Oil Company.
Contributed to the progressive critique of corporate power.

Jacob Riis

Photojournalist for the New York Sun, noted for "How the Other Half Lives," revealing urban poverty conditions.
Raised awareness about the struggles of the poor to foster social change.

Ida Tarbell

A prominent muckraker who wrote for McClure's Magazine; authored a detailed history of the Standard Oil Company (1904).
Her investigative work exposed the business practices of one of the largest trusts of the time.

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Dive into the pivotal moments of Progressivism with these flashcards. Explore key events such as the Ballinger-Pinchot Affair and understand their significance in shaping American history. Perfect for AP U.S. History students preparing for exams.