APUSH Chapter 23 ID's Flashcards

Questions and Answers

What was the Triple Entente?

Linked Britain, France, and Russia (correct)

Formed to combat the Central Powers

United Germany, Austro-Hungarian Empire, and Italy

Involved the United States in WWI

Which countries were part of the Triple Alliance?

Britain, France, and Russia

Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Russia

Germany, Austro-Hungarian Empire, and Italy (correct)

USA, Britain, and France

What was the immediate cause for WWI?

Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand

What role did economic ties to Britain play in WWI?

Britain imposed a naval blockade on Germany. Signup and view all the answers

What were the Lusitania and Sussex incidents?

Attacks on British and French ships by German submarines. Signup and view all the answers

Who were the main candidates in the 1916 election?

Wilson and Charles Evans Hughes Signup and view all the answers

The three events leading to the US entry in WWI were unrestricted submarine warfare, the Zimmermann Telegram, and the _______.

Russian Revolution Signup and view all the answers

What was the impact of the Russian Revolution on WWI?

Russia withdrew from the war, freeing German troops. Signup and view all the answers

What was the US entry's immediate effect on the war?

Provided additional naval support to Great Britain. Signup and view all the answers

What was the American Expeditionary Force (AEF)?

The US military force sent to Europe during WWI. Signup and view all the answers

What new technology contributed to high casualty rates in WWI?

Machine guns and high-powered artillery. Signup and view all the answers

How did the US finance its involvement in WWI?

By selling Liberty Bonds and implementing new taxes. Signup and view all the answers

What were the War Boards?

Agencies that organized and supervised specific sectors of the economy during WWI. Signup and view all the answers

What was the War Industries Board?

An agency created to coordinate military supply purchases. Signup and view all the answers

What did the National War Labor Board achieve?

Provided concessions to workers, such as an eight-hour workday. Signup and view all the answers

What happened during the Ludlow Massacre?

Militia attacked a workers' colony, resulting in 39 deaths. Signup and view all the answers

What were the push factors in 'The Great Migration'?

Poverty and racism in the rural south Signup and view all the answers

What made up the peace movement before 1917?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

Who directed the Committee on Public Information?

George Creel Signup and view all the answers

What did the Espionage Act of 1917 do?

Established penalties for spying and sabotage. Signup and view all the answers

What did the Sedition Act of 1918 expand?

It made public opposition to the war illegal. Signup and view all the answers

The phrase '100 Percent Americanism' referred to the push to ban anything _______.

un-American Signup and view all the answers

What were Wilson's 14 Points?

A set of principles for peace after WWI. Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of the Paris Peace Conference?

Wilson struggled to gain approval for his principles. Signup and view all the answers

What were the reparations set for Germany by the post-war commission?

$56 billion Signup and view all the answers

Who presented the Treaty of Versailles to the Senate?

Henry Cabot Lodge Signup and view all the answers

What events characterized the strikes of 1919?

Seattle General Strike, Boston Police Strike, and the Steelworkers' strike. Signup and view all the answers

What triggered the Chicago Race Riots?

The drowning of a Black teenager in Lake Michigan. Signup and view all the answers

What ideology did Marcus Garvey promote?

Black nationalism. Signup and view all the answers

What was the Red Scare?

Alarm over communism and radicalism following the Russian Revolution. Signup and view all the answers

What were the Palmer Raids?

Raids orchestrated to arrest radical activists. Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome for Sacco and Vanzetti?

Executed in the electric chair. Signup and view all the answers

What was Warren Harding's campaign promise in 1920?

A 'return to normalcy'. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Alliance Systems

Triple Entente linked Britain, France, and Russia, establishing a chief rivalry with Germany.
Triple Alliance united Germany, Austro-Hungarian Empire, and Italy, intensifying tensions with Britain.

Causes of WWI

The assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand on June 28, 1914, triggered a nationalist controversy within the Austro-Hungarian Empire.
Serbian nationalist Gavrilo Princip carried out the assassination in Sarajevo, escalating the situation into a global conflict.

Economic Factors

Britain enforced a naval blockade on Germany, hindering supplies while maintaining trade with the Allies.

Lusitania and Sussex Incidents

The sinking of the Lusitania by German U-boats in 1915 resulted in nearly 1,200 deaths, including 128 Americans, stirring American outrage.
The Sussex incident in 1916 involved the attack on a French steamer, injuring American passengers.

1916 Presidential Election

Woodrow Wilson defended American pride against war, narrowly winning reelection against Charles Evans Hughes by just 23 electoral votes.

U.S. Entry into WWI

Key events leading to U.S. involvement included Germany's unrestricted submarine warfare, the Zimmermann Telegram's interception, and the Russian Revolution in March 1917.

Russian Revolution

Russia exited the war by early 1918 after the Bolshevik Revolution led by V.I. Lenin, allowing more German troops to focus on the Western Front.

U.S. Military Contribution

The American Expeditionary Force (AEF) was formed through a draft, augmenting a small standing army with nearly 3 million recruits.

Warfare Technology

Trench warfare emerged due to the destructive power of modern weapons, resulting in millions of casualties from machine guns, artillery, and chemical weapons.

War Financing

The U.S. government raised funds through "Liberty Bonds," totaling $23 billion, complemented by nearly $10 billion from new taxes.

Economic Management

War Boards coordinated various sectors of the economy, controlling transportation, agricultural supplies, and manufacturing during the war.

War Industries Board

Established in July 1917, the War Industries Board regulated military supplies production, led by financier Bernard Baruch who controlled pricing and output.

National War Labor Board

This board resolved labor disputes, ensuring an eight-hour workday, fair wages, and upheld workers' rights to organize while preventing strikes.

Labor Strikes and Violence

The Ludlow Massacre involved a coal miners' strike in Colorado, resulting in 39 deaths, including children, highlighting labor tensions.

The Great Migration

A significant movement of African Americans from the South to northern cities occurred, driven by poverty, violence, and the prospect of better jobs and freedom.

Peace Movement

Before 1917, peace movements emerged among various groups, including German Americans and socialists, opposing the war as a capitalist conflict.

Propaganda Efforts

The Committee on Public Information, led by George Creel, managed pro-war propaganda and encouraged self-censorship among the press.

Espionage and Sedition Acts

The Espionage Act of 1917 penalized acts against the war effort, while the Sedition Act of 1918 prohibited opposition to the war, targeting critics of the government.

Americanism and Immigration

"100 Percent Americanism" described anti-immigrant sentiments, affirming a strict interpretation of American identity.

Wilson's 14 Points

Presented on January 8, 1918, the 14 Points outlined a vision for post-war governance, advocating for national self-determination and the establishment of the League of Nations.

Paris Peace Conference

The Big Four (Lloyd George, Clemenceau, Orlando, Wilson) collectively addressed peace negotiations, but Wilson couldn't secure approval for all his principles.

War Reparations

Wilson reluctantly agreed to reparations for Central Powers, establishing a figure later assessed at $56 billion, while advocating for the League of Nations.

Treaty of Versailles Debate

Senator Henry Cabot Lodge's reservations limited U.S. commitments to the League of Nations, reflecting concerns about international obligations.

Labor Strikes of 1919

The Seattle General Strike and Boston Police Strike illustrated labor unrest, prompting violent responses and emphasizing tensions between workers and employers.

Chicago Race Riots

Triggered by a racially charged incident, the riots resulted in 38 deaths and extensive property damage, highlighting racial tensions in urban areas.

Black Nationalism

Marcus Garvey's movement encouraged pride in African heritage and sought economic independence for African Americans amid widespread discrimination.

Red Scare

The 1917 Russian Revolution fueled fears of communism in the U.S., leading to increased anti-radical sentiment and government crackdowns.

Palmer Raids

Attorney General Palmer coordinated raids in 1920 targeting radical groups, resulting in the arrest of over 6,000 individuals, with minimal evidence found.

Sacco and Vanzetti Case

Two Italian immigrants faced trial for murder in contentious circumstances, resulting in their execution despite questionable evidence and public outcry.

1920 Election and Normalcy

Warren G. Harding campaigned on a "return to normalcy," contrasting with Wilson's internationalist agenda, winning decisively in the election.

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Test your knowledge on key terms from APUSH Chapter 23, focusing on significant alliances and causes of World War I. This quiz includes important concepts like the Triple Entente and Triple Alliance. Perfect for students preparing for their AP U.S. History exam.