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Questions and Answers
What was the Triple Entente?
What was the Triple Entente?
Which countries were part of the Triple Alliance?
Which countries were part of the Triple Alliance?
What was the immediate cause for WWI?
What was the immediate cause for WWI?
Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand
What role did economic ties to Britain play in WWI?
What role did economic ties to Britain play in WWI?
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What were the Lusitania and Sussex incidents?
What were the Lusitania and Sussex incidents?
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Who were the main candidates in the 1916 election?
Who were the main candidates in the 1916 election?
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The three events leading to the US entry in WWI were unrestricted submarine warfare, the Zimmermann Telegram, and the _______.
The three events leading to the US entry in WWI were unrestricted submarine warfare, the Zimmermann Telegram, and the _______.
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What was the impact of the Russian Revolution on WWI?
What was the impact of the Russian Revolution on WWI?
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What was the US entry's immediate effect on the war?
What was the US entry's immediate effect on the war?
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What was the American Expeditionary Force (AEF)?
What was the American Expeditionary Force (AEF)?
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What new technology contributed to high casualty rates in WWI?
What new technology contributed to high casualty rates in WWI?
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How did the US finance its involvement in WWI?
How did the US finance its involvement in WWI?
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What were the War Boards?
What were the War Boards?
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What was the War Industries Board?
What was the War Industries Board?
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What did the National War Labor Board achieve?
What did the National War Labor Board achieve?
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What happened during the Ludlow Massacre?
What happened during the Ludlow Massacre?
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What were the push factors in 'The Great Migration'?
What were the push factors in 'The Great Migration'?
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What made up the peace movement before 1917?
What made up the peace movement before 1917?
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Who directed the Committee on Public Information?
Who directed the Committee on Public Information?
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What did the Espionage Act of 1917 do?
What did the Espionage Act of 1917 do?
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What did the Sedition Act of 1918 expand?
What did the Sedition Act of 1918 expand?
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The phrase '100 Percent Americanism' referred to the push to ban anything _______.
The phrase '100 Percent Americanism' referred to the push to ban anything _______.
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What were Wilson's 14 Points?
What were Wilson's 14 Points?
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What was the outcome of the Paris Peace Conference?
What was the outcome of the Paris Peace Conference?
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What were the reparations set for Germany by the post-war commission?
What were the reparations set for Germany by the post-war commission?
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Who presented the Treaty of Versailles to the Senate?
Who presented the Treaty of Versailles to the Senate?
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What events characterized the strikes of 1919?
What events characterized the strikes of 1919?
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What triggered the Chicago Race Riots?
What triggered the Chicago Race Riots?
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What ideology did Marcus Garvey promote?
What ideology did Marcus Garvey promote?
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What was the Red Scare?
What was the Red Scare?
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What were the Palmer Raids?
What were the Palmer Raids?
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What was the outcome for Sacco and Vanzetti?
What was the outcome for Sacco and Vanzetti?
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What was Warren Harding's campaign promise in 1920?
What was Warren Harding's campaign promise in 1920?
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Study Notes
Alliance Systems
- Triple Entente linked Britain, France, and Russia, establishing a chief rivalry with Germany.
- Triple Alliance united Germany, Austro-Hungarian Empire, and Italy, intensifying tensions with Britain.
Causes of WWI
- The assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand on June 28, 1914, triggered a nationalist controversy within the Austro-Hungarian Empire.
- Serbian nationalist Gavrilo Princip carried out the assassination in Sarajevo, escalating the situation into a global conflict.
Economic Factors
- Britain enforced a naval blockade on Germany, hindering supplies while maintaining trade with the Allies.
Lusitania and Sussex Incidents
- The sinking of the Lusitania by German U-boats in 1915 resulted in nearly 1,200 deaths, including 128 Americans, stirring American outrage.
- The Sussex incident in 1916 involved the attack on a French steamer, injuring American passengers.
1916 Presidential Election
- Woodrow Wilson defended American pride against war, narrowly winning reelection against Charles Evans Hughes by just 23 electoral votes.
U.S. Entry into WWI
- Key events leading to U.S. involvement included Germany's unrestricted submarine warfare, the Zimmermann Telegram's interception, and the Russian Revolution in March 1917.
Russian Revolution
- Russia exited the war by early 1918 after the Bolshevik Revolution led by V.I. Lenin, allowing more German troops to focus on the Western Front.
U.S. Military Contribution
- The American Expeditionary Force (AEF) was formed through a draft, augmenting a small standing army with nearly 3 million recruits.
Warfare Technology
- Trench warfare emerged due to the destructive power of modern weapons, resulting in millions of casualties from machine guns, artillery, and chemical weapons.
War Financing
- The U.S. government raised funds through "Liberty Bonds," totaling $23 billion, complemented by nearly $10 billion from new taxes.
Economic Management
- War Boards coordinated various sectors of the economy, controlling transportation, agricultural supplies, and manufacturing during the war.
War Industries Board
- Established in July 1917, the War Industries Board regulated military supplies production, led by financier Bernard Baruch who controlled pricing and output.
National War Labor Board
- This board resolved labor disputes, ensuring an eight-hour workday, fair wages, and upheld workers' rights to organize while preventing strikes.
Labor Strikes and Violence
- The Ludlow Massacre involved a coal miners' strike in Colorado, resulting in 39 deaths, including children, highlighting labor tensions.
The Great Migration
- A significant movement of African Americans from the South to northern cities occurred, driven by poverty, violence, and the prospect of better jobs and freedom.
Peace Movement
- Before 1917, peace movements emerged among various groups, including German Americans and socialists, opposing the war as a capitalist conflict.
Propaganda Efforts
- The Committee on Public Information, led by George Creel, managed pro-war propaganda and encouraged self-censorship among the press.
Espionage and Sedition Acts
- The Espionage Act of 1917 penalized acts against the war effort, while the Sedition Act of 1918 prohibited opposition to the war, targeting critics of the government.
Americanism and Immigration
- "100 Percent Americanism" described anti-immigrant sentiments, affirming a strict interpretation of American identity.
Wilson's 14 Points
- Presented on January 8, 1918, the 14 Points outlined a vision for post-war governance, advocating for national self-determination and the establishment of the League of Nations.
Paris Peace Conference
- The Big Four (Lloyd George, Clemenceau, Orlando, Wilson) collectively addressed peace negotiations, but Wilson couldn't secure approval for all his principles.
War Reparations
- Wilson reluctantly agreed to reparations for Central Powers, establishing a figure later assessed at $56 billion, while advocating for the League of Nations.
Treaty of Versailles Debate
- Senator Henry Cabot Lodge's reservations limited U.S. commitments to the League of Nations, reflecting concerns about international obligations.
Labor Strikes of 1919
- The Seattle General Strike and Boston Police Strike illustrated labor unrest, prompting violent responses and emphasizing tensions between workers and employers.
Chicago Race Riots
- Triggered by a racially charged incident, the riots resulted in 38 deaths and extensive property damage, highlighting racial tensions in urban areas.
Black Nationalism
- Marcus Garvey's movement encouraged pride in African heritage and sought economic independence for African Americans amid widespread discrimination.
Red Scare
- The 1917 Russian Revolution fueled fears of communism in the U.S., leading to increased anti-radical sentiment and government crackdowns.
Palmer Raids
- Attorney General Palmer coordinated raids in 1920 targeting radical groups, resulting in the arrest of over 6,000 individuals, with minimal evidence found.
Sacco and Vanzetti Case
- Two Italian immigrants faced trial for murder in contentious circumstances, resulting in their execution despite questionable evidence and public outcry.
1920 Election and Normalcy
- Warren G. Harding campaigned on a "return to normalcy," contrasting with Wilson's internationalist agenda, winning decisively in the election.
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Description
Test your knowledge on key terms from APUSH Chapter 23, focusing on significant alliances and causes of World War I. This quiz includes important concepts like the Triple Entente and Triple Alliance. Perfect for students preparing for their AP U.S. History exam.
