Questions and Answers
Who is the author of Uncle Tom's Cabin?
What year was Uncle Tom's Cabin published?
1852
Who wrote The Impending Crisis of the South?
Hinton Helper
______ was a significant example of the problems associated with popular sovereignty.
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The New England Emigrant Aid Company aimed to support pro-slavery settlers in Kansas.
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What was the outcome of the Lecompton Constitution?
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Which President tried to maintain a balance between pro-slavery and anti-slavery factions?
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What was the Democratic party's stance in the Election of 1856?
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The Dred Scott decision upheld the principle of social responsibility of private property.
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Who was the first candidate of the Republican Party for the presidency?
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What did the Panic of 1857 primarily result from?
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Match the following historical figures with their roles:
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The Homestead Act of 1860 aimed to provide public lands for ___ an acre.
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What major decision did Chief Justice Taney make in the Dred Scott case?
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What was the Constitutional Union Party formed to do?
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Lincoln won the Election of 1860 because of strong support from Southern states.
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Study Notes
Harriet Beecher Stowe
- Author of Uncle Tom's Cabin, which highlighted the harsh realities of slavery.
Uncle Tom's Cabin
- Published in 1852; contributed significantly to anti-slavery sentiment in the North.
- Portrayed the mistreatment of slaves, influencing public opinion against slavery.
The Impending Crisis of the South
- Written by Hinton Helper, arguing that non-slaveholding whites suffered most from slavery.
- Helper was a non-aristocrat from North Carolina and struggled to find a publisher for his book in the South.
Hinton R. Helper
- Authored The Impending Crisis, emphasizing the negative impact of slavery on non-slaveholding whites.
- Ultimately killed by Southerners for his views.
Kansas
- Site of conflict over popular sovereignty; attracted a mix of settlers, including Northern abolitionists.
New England Emigrant Aid Company
- Antislavery group that sent settlers to Kansas to undermine Southern interests and promote free soil.
Census of 1860
- Reported 2 slaves in Kansas and 15 in Nebraska, indicating limited slave presence in these territories.
Shawnee Mission
- During the 1855 territorial legislature elections, proslavery "border ruffians" from Missouri aggressively voted, forming a proslavery puppet government.
Lawrence, Kansas
- Starting point of violent clashes between pro-slavery and anti-slavery factions known as "Bleeding Kansas".
John Brown
- A radical abolitionist known for his militant opposition to slavery; hanged after the failed Harper's Ferry raid.
Pottawatomie Creek
- Location where John Brown executed five proslavery settlers, escalating violence during the conflict.
Lecompton Constitution
- Proposed constitution for Kansas that ensured the protection of slavery; rejected by Kansas voters.
James Buchanan
- 15th President of the U.S. (1857-1861), struggled to maintain peace between proslavery and antislavery factions, leading to heightened tensions.
Senator Douglas
- Advocated for popular sovereignty and promoted the Kansas-Nebraska Act; faced Abraham Lincoln in the 1860 presidential election.
Charles Sumner
- Delivered a speech titled "The Crime Against Kansas"; severely beaten by Preston Brooks after the speech, becoming a symbol of Northern outrage against Southern violence.
Preston S. Brooks
- South Carolina representative who attacked Charles Sumner in defense of Southern honor, symbolizing the deepening divide.
Election of 1856
- Featured Buchanan (Democrat), Fremont (Republican), and Fillmore (Know-Nothing); Buchanan's support of popular sovereignty led to his victory.
John C. Fremont
- First Republican presidential candidate, opposed slavery and highlighted the party's anti-slavery platform.
American Party (Know-Nothings)
- Formed in response to immigration and sought to limit the influence of foreign-born citizens in American politics.
Dred Scott
- Enslaved African American who sued for his freedom, raising critical constitutional questions regarding slavery.
5th Amendment
- Provides protective rights including grand jury guarantees, protection against double jeopardy, self-incrimination, and ensures due process.
Chief Justice Taney
- Delivered the ruling in the Dred Scott case, reinforcing the rights of slaveowners and the police power of states.
Panic of 1857
- Economic crisis primarily affecting Northerners, prompting calls for higher tariffs and land access for homeless citizens.
Homestead Act of 1860
- Proposed legislation to sell public lands at low prices but vetoed by Buchanan, reflecting political divisions.
Tariff of 1857
- Major tax reduction, reducing tariffs to a low point around 17%; preceded by the contentious Morrill Tariff in 1861.
Economic Issues of the 1860 Election
- Focused on protective tariffs and land for homeless individuals, highlighting economic disparities.
Illinois Senatorial Election of 1858
- Featured a significant contest between Senator Stephen Douglas and Republican challenger Abraham Lincoln.
Freeport Doctrine
- Arising during Lincoln-Douglas debates, Douglas argued that territories could reject slavery, defying the Dred Scott decision.
Harper's Ferry
- Site of John Brown's failed raid to incite slave rebellion; highlighted Northern abolitionist efforts and exacerbated Southern fears.
Robert E. Lee
- Confederate general who opposed secession but believed Union preservation shouldn't rely on force.
Election of 1860
- Abraham Lincoln won due to a divided Democratic Party, leading to increased Southern discontent and subsequent secessions.
John C. Breckinridge
- Pro-slavery Democratic candidate in 1860, contributing to Democratic Party fragmentation.
Constitutional Union Party
- Formed by former Whigs and Know-Nothings to oppose sectional candidates, nominating John Bell in 1860.
John Bell
- Constitutional Union Party candidate; attracted votes away from Democrats, facilitating Lincoln's election victory.
Confederate States of America
- Seceded republic composed of 11 Southern states from February 1861; exemplified the divisive nature of slavery.
Jefferson Davis
- President of the Confederate States (1861-1865), his leadership defined the Confederacy throughout the Civil War.
James Henry Crittenden
- Kentucky Senator proposing amendments to appease the South, ensuring protection for slavery in territories.
Crittenden Amendments
- Designed to resolve sectional tensions, prohibiting slavery north of the 36°30′ line while allowing it southward.
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Description
Test your knowledge of key concepts from Chapter 19 of AP U.S. History with these flashcards. This chapter covers significant figures and works that influenced the anti-slavery movement, including Harriet Beecher Stowe and her impactful novel, Uncle Tom's Cabin.
