APUSH Chapter 19 Flashcards
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Questions and Answers

Who is the author of Uncle Tom's Cabin?

Harriet Beecher Stowe

What is Uncle Tom's Cabin about?

A book about a slave who is treated badly, published in 1852, that persuaded many to become anti-slavery.

Who wrote The Impending Crisis of the South?

Hinton Helper

What did Hinton Helper argue in his book?

<p>That non-slaveholding whites suffered the most from slavery.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is Kansas known for in the context of popular sovereignty?

<p>A state where pro-slavery and anti-slavery factions clashed, leading to violence.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the New England Emigrant Aid Company?

<p>An antislavery organization that sent pioneers to Kansas-Nebraska territory.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was significant about the census of 1860 in Kansas?

<p>It recorded 2 slaves out of 107,000 people.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happened at Shawnee Mission in 1855?

<p>Proslavery 'border ruffians' came to vote in favor of slavery.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is Lawrence, Kansas known for?

<p>Where the pro-slavery and anti-slavery war in Kansas began.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who was John Brown?

<p>An abolitionist who led an unsuccessful raid at Harper's Ferry.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did John Brown do at Pottawatomie Creek?

<p>He murdered 5 proslavery settlers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the Lecompton Constitution?

<p>A proposed constitution that supported slavery in Kansas.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who was James Buchanan?

<p>The 15th President of the United States.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did Senator Douglas support?

<p>Popular sovereignty and the Kansas-Nebraska Act.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was Charles Sumner known for?

<p>Giving a speech called 'The Crime Against Kansas'.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happened during the Election of 1856?

<p>Democrats nominated Buchanan, Republicans nominated Fremont, and Know-Nothings chose Fillmore.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who was the first presidential candidate of the Republican Party?

<p>John C. Fremont</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the Dred Scott case about?

<p>A slave suing his master for keeping him in a territory where slavery was banned.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did Chief Justice Taney assert in his Dred Scott decision?

<p>That states have police powers and uphold fugitive slave laws.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What caused the Panic of 1857?

<p>Overspeculation of western lands and railroads.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the Homestead Act of 1860?

<p>A proposal to make public lands available at 25 cents an acre.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did the Tariff of 1857 achieve?

<p>It was a major tax reduction, lowering tariffs to a mid-century lowpoint.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What were the economic issues of the 1860 election?

<p>Protection for the unprotected and farms for the homeless.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who ran against Senator Douglas in the Illinois senatorial election of 1858?

<p>Abraham Lincoln</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the Freeport Doctrine?

<p>Douglas's assertion that Congress couldn't force a territory to become a slave state against its will.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happened at Harper's Ferry?

<p>John Brown's scheme to invade the South with armed slaves.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who was Robert E. Lee?

<p>A Confederate general opposed to secession but against forcefully holding the Union together.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was significant about the Election of 1860?

<p>Lincoln won due to a split Democratic party, leading to Southern secession.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who was John C. Breckinridge?

<p>The South's pro-slavery Democratic candidate in the election of 1860.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the Constitutional Union Party?

<p>A party formed in 1860 to oppose Lincoln and Douglas, favoring the Union.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who was John Bell?

<p>Presidential candidate of the Constitutional Union Party.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What were the Confederate States of America?

<p>A republic formed by eleven Southern states that seceded from the United States.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who was Jefferson Davis?

<p>President of the Confederate States of America from 1861 to 1865.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did James Henry Crittenden propose?

<p>Amending the Constitution to appease Confederate states by protecting slavery.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What were the Crittenden Amendments?

<p>Amendments designed to appease the South by prohibiting slavery north of 36°30' while allowing it south.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Harriet Beecher Stowe

  • Authored "Uncle Tom's Cabin," published in 1852, which became a crucial anti-slavery novel.

Uncle Tom's Cabin

  • Depicts the harsh realities of slavery, influencing Northern attitudes toward abolition.

The Impending Crisis of the South

  • Written by Hinton Helper to demonstrate the negative impact of slavery on non-slave-owning whites.
  • Helper faced hostility in the South and had to publish in the North.

Hinton R. Helper

  • Known for writing "The Impending Crisis," arguing that non-slaveholding whites suffered most from slavery.
  • Captured and killed by Southerners due to his anti-slavery stance.

Kansas

  • The site of significant conflict over slavery, illustrating failures of popular sovereignty.

New England Emigrant Aid Company

  • An anti-slavery group that sent settlers to Kansas to promote abolitionist efforts.

Census of 1860

  • Documented 2 slaves in Kansas among a population of 107,000 and 15 in Nebraska.

Shawnee Mission

  • Location where pro-slavery individuals from Missouri manipulated elections in favor of slaveholding interests.

Lawrence, Kansas

  • Significant battleground in "Bleeding Kansas," marking the beginning of violent confrontations between pro-slavery and anti-slavery factions.

John Brown

  • Radical abolitionist who attempted a slave uprising at Harper's Ferry and was executed for his actions.

Pottawatomie Creek

  • Site where John Brown and his followers murdered five pro-slavery settlers in retaliation for violence against abolitionists.

Lecompton Constitution

  • Proposed constitution supporting slavery that was ultimately rejected, contributing to Kansas becoming a free state.

James Buchanan

  • 15th U.S. President (1857-1861) whose attempts at compromise frustrated both pro-slavery and anti-slavery factions.

Senator Douglas

  • Architect of the Kansas-Nebraska Act, promoted popular sovereignty, and ran against Lincoln in the senate election.

Charles Sumner

  • Delivered a speech, "The Crime Against Kansas," criticizing pro-slavery actions and subsequently assaulted by Preston Brooks.

Preston S. Brooks

  • South Carolina representative who violently attacked Sumner, representing Southern honor in the conflict over slavery.

Election of 1856

  • Featured Buchanan (Democrat), Fremont (Republican), and Fillmore (Know-Nothing); Buchanan's victory was influenced by his stance on popular sovereignty.

John C. Fremont

  • First Republican presidential candidate opposed to the expansion of slavery; gained significant support in the 1856 election.

American Party

  • Formed by the Know-Nothings, focusing on anti-immigrant sentiments following the immigration wave post-1846.

Dred Scott

  • Slave who sued for his freedom based on residency in a free territory, leading to a landmark Supreme Court case.

5th Amendment

  • Protects individuals from self-incrimination and guarantees due process, relevant in legal discussions surrounding slavery cases.

Chief Justice Taney

  • Wrote the Dred Scott decision, reinforcing the rights of slaveholders and controversial interpretations of property rights.

Panic of 1857

  • Economic downturn affecting mainly the North, driven by various factors including over-speculation and international issues.

Homestead Act of 1860

  • Intended to provide land at a low cost; vetoed by Buchanan, illustrating tensions around land rights and settlement.

Tariff of 1857

  • Major tax reduction that lowered tariff rates to about 17%, impacting U.S. trade and economy.

Economic Issues of 1860 Election

  • Focus on protection for vulnerable industries and land access for the impoverished.

Illinois Senatorial Election of 1858

  • Featured a pivotal contest between Stephen Douglas and Abraham Lincoln, shaping future political dynamics.

Freeport Doctrine

  • Stated by Douglas during Lincoln-Douglas debates, asserting that territories could determine their own slave status.

Harper's Ferry

  • Site of John Brown's failed raid intended to incite an armed slave revolt, culminating in his capture and execution.

Robert E. Lee

  • Confederate general opposing secession yet believing the Union should not be maintained by force.

Election of 1860

  • Resulted in Lincoln's victory due to Democratic Party splits over slavery, leading to Southern discontent and secession.

John C. Breckinridge

  • Pro-slavery Democratic candidate in 1860, contributing to the division within the Democratic Party.

Constitutional Union Party

  • Formed by former Whigs and Know-Nothings, aiming to preserve the Union and oppose both Lincoln and Douglas.

John Bell

  • Candidate for the Constitutional Union Party in 1860, impacting the election outcome by diverting votes from Democrats.

Confederate States of America

  • Established in February 1861 by eleven Southern states that seceded from the Union.

Jefferson Davis

  • President of the Confederate States of America during the Civil War, leading the South's efforts.

James Henry Crittenden

  • Proposed amendments to protect slavery in the South, in an effort to avert conflict with seceding states.

Crittenden Amendments

  • Constitutional amendments aimed at appeasing the South by regulating slavery's expansion in new territories.

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Test your knowledge of key figures and texts from Chapter 19 of AP U.S. History. This quiz focuses on influential authors and their works, including Harriet Beecher Stowe and Hinton Helper. Perfect for review before your exam!

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