APUSH Chapter 37 Flashcards

Questions and Answers

Which of the following was not true of the changing nature of work in the 1950s? (Select all that apply)

White collar workers were surpassing blue collar workers in numbers.

Labor unions reached a peak and then began to decline.

Science and technology drove economic growth.

Job opportunities were opening to women in the white collar workforce.

There were fewer jobs in the military-related aerospace industry. (correct)

Richard Nixon was selected as Dwight Eisenhower's vice-presidential running mate in 1952 as a concession to the:

Liberal Republicans

Hard-line anticommunists (correct)

Isolationists

Moderate Republicans

Southern Republicans

During the 1952 presidential campaign, Republican candidate Dwight Eisenhower declared that he would __________ to help to end the Korean War.

open negotiations with Mao Zedong

In terms of politics, television did all of the following except:

Enable political parties to continue their role of educating and mobilizing the electorate. Signup and view all the answers

Dwight Eisenhower's greatest asset as president was his:

Enjoyment of the affection and respect of the American people. Signup and view all the answers

Among anticommunists, Senator Joseph R. McCarthy was the:

One who most damaged free speech and fair play. Signup and view all the answers

The record would seem to indicate that President Eisenhower's strongest commitment during his presidency was to:

Social harmony. Signup and view all the answers

In response to Senator Joseph McCarthy's anticommunist attacks, President Eisenhower:

Publicly opposed his ruthless tactics but privately enjoyed his personal charm. Signup and view all the answers

Senator Joseph McCarthy first rose to national prominence by:

Charging that there was extensive Communist influence in Hollywood and the media. Signup and view all the answers

As a result of Senator McCarthy's crusade against communist subversion in America:

The State Department lost a number of Asian specialists who might have counseled a wiser course in Vietnam. Signup and view all the answers

Senator McCarthy's anticommunist crusade ended when he:

Alleged that there were communists in the army. Signup and view all the answers

The new militancy and restlessness among many members of the African American community after 1945 was especially generated by:

The gap between American ideals and racial practices revealed by World War II. Signup and view all the answers

In an effort to overturn Jim Crow laws and the segregated system that they had created, African Americans used all of the following methods except:

Appeals to foreign governments to pressure the United States to establish racial justice. Signup and view all the answers

Which one of the following is least related to the other three?

Orval Faubus Signup and view all the answers

The Supreme Court began to advance the cause of civil rights in the 1950s because:

Congress and the presidency had largely abdicated their responsibilities by keeping hands off the issue. Signup and view all the answers

In the epochal 1954 decision in Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, the Supreme Court:

Declared that the concept of separate but equal facilities for blacks and whites was unconstitutional. Signup and view all the answers

The 1954 Supreme Court case that ruled racially segregated school systems inherently unequal was:

Brown v. Board of Education. Signup and view all the answers

On the subject of racial justice, President Eisenhower:

Had demanded the integration of the armed forces as early as 1948. Signup and view all the answers

President Dwight Eisenhower's attitude toward racial justice can best be described as:

Not inclined toward promoting integration. Signup and view all the answers

The Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) was an outgrowth of the:

Sit-in movement launched by young southern blacks. Signup and view all the answers

As president, Dwight Eisenhower supported:

The continuation of the Tennessee Valley Authority. Signup and view all the answers

President Eisenhower defined the domestic philosophy of his administration as:

Dynamic conservatism. Signup and view all the answers

Dwight Eisenhower's policies toward Native Americans included:

A return to the assimilation goals of the Dawes Severalty Act of 1887. Signup and view all the answers

The Eisenhower-promoted public works project that was far larger and more expensive than anything in Roosevelt's New Deal was:

The interstate highway system. Signup and view all the answers

During his presidency, Dwight Eisenhower accepted the principle and extended the benefits of:

The Social Security system. Signup and view all the answers

As a part of his New Look at foreign policy, President Eisenhower:

Called for open skies over both the United States and the Soviet Union. Signup and view all the answers

As the French fortress of Dienbienphu was about to fall to Ho Chi Minh's communist forces in 1954, President Eisenhower:

Refused to permit any American military involvement. Signup and view all the answers

President Eisenhower's New Look at foreign policy in the 1950s planned for:

Greater reliance on air power and the deterrent power of nuclear weapons than on the army and navy. Signup and view all the answers

In 1956, when Hungary revolted against continued domination by the Soviet Union, the United States under Dwight Eisenhower:

Did nothing to help to defeat the communists. Signup and view all the answers

The leader of the nationalist movement in Vietnam since World War II was:

Ho Chi Minh. Signup and view all the answers

The 1955 Geneva Conference:

Called for the two Vietnams to hold national elections within two years. Signup and view all the answers

In response to a supposed Soviet threat to Middle Eastern oil, the American Central Intelligence Agency in 1953:

Staged a coup to overthrow the Iranian government and install Shah Mohammed Reza Pahlevi as dictator. Signup and view all the answers

In 1956 the United States condemned __________ as the aggressors in the Suez Canal crisis.

Britain and France Signup and view all the answers

During the 1950s, the Central Intelligence Agency engineered pro-American political coups in both:

Iran and Guatemala. Signup and view all the answers

The Suez crisis marked the last time in history that the United States could:

Use the threat of nuclear war to win concessions. Signup and view all the answers

The 1957 Eisenhower Doctrine empowered the president to extend economic and military aid to nations of __________ that wanted help to resist communist aggression.

The Middle East Signup and view all the answers

During his second term, President Eisenhower:

Took a more active personal role in governing. Signup and view all the answers

In response to the launching of Sputnik by the Soviet Union in 1957,

The federal government began spending millions of dollars to improve American science and language education. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is least related to the other four?

Landrum-Griffith Act Signup and view all the answers

The Paris summit conference scheduled for 1960 collapsed because of the:

U-2 incident. Signup and view all the answers

By the end of the 1950s, Latin American anger toward the United States had intensified because Washington had done all of the following except:

Provide encouragement to Fidel Castro's communist government in Cuba. Signup and view all the answers

The factor that may well have tipped the electoral scales for John F. Kennedy in the presidential election of 1960 was:

His televised debates with Richard M. Nixon. Signup and view all the answers

When Dwight Eisenhower left the presidency in 1961,

He remained an extraordinarily popular figure. Signup and view all the answers

Two postwar American fiction writers who explored the problems and anxieties of affluence were:

John Updike and John Cheever. Signup and view all the answers

The title of Ralph Ellison's novel Invisible Man refers to:

An African American whose supposed supporters are unable to see him as a real man. Signup and view all the answers

Compared to World War I, the literary outpouring from World War II can be best described as:

Much more realistic. Signup and view all the answers

Many of the better-known American poets in the post-World War II era:

Turned to nature for subject matter. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Changing Nature of Work in the 1950s

Economic growth was driven by advancements in science and technology.
Decline in military-related aerospace industry jobs.
Increase in white-collar jobs, surpassing blue-collar employment.
Peak of labor unions followed by decline.
Women's job opportunities expanded in white-collar roles.

Richard Nixon and Eisenhower

Nixon selected as vice-presidential candidate to unite moderate and hard-line anticommunists.
Nixon’s alignment with Eisenhower was a political strategy.

Eisenhower's Approach to the Korean War

Eisenhower promised to personally visit Korea to expedite the conflict's resolution.

Influence of Television on Politics

Television reshaped political messaging, prioritizing commercialism and showmanship.
Political parties were challenged in their role of voter education and mobilization.

Eisenhower's Leadership Attributes

Truman's military experience and widespread public support were key assets during his presidency.

McCarthyism and Anticommunism

Joseph McCarthy became a prominent figure among anticommunists known for damaging free speech.
McCarthy's accusations targeted various groups, including Hollywood and the military.
The intensity of McCarthy's attacks contributed to public backlash and eventual decline.

African American Civil Rights Movement

Post-1945 unrest among African Americans fueled by perceived disparities in ideals versus reality.
Legal challenges and nonviolent protests were employed to combat Jim Crow laws.
Core figures included Martin Luther King Jr. and Rosa Parks, linked to significant civil rights actions.

Supreme Court and Civil Rights

Key Supreme Court decisions, especially Brown v. Board of Education, declared segregated schools unconstitutional.
The court's activism advanced civil rights amid governmental inaction.

Eisenhower’s Domestic Policies

Eisenhower endorsed social programs including the expansion of Social Security and infrastructure projects like the interstate highway system.
His administration supported dynamic conservatism, balancing modernization with conservative values.

Foreign Policy Under Eisenhower

The New Look policy emphasized nuclear deterrence over large conventional forces.
During geopolitical tensions, such as in Vietnam and the Suez Crisis, Eisenhower’s decisions were often reactive and cautious.

Cold War Dynamics

Operation Ajax saw the CIA intervene in Iran, installing Shah Mohammed Reza Pahlevi to combat Soviet influence.
The Eisenhower Doctrine promised aid to Middle Eastern nations resisting communism.
The launch of Sputnik in 1957 prompted a nationwide push for science and education improvements.

Cultural Reflections of the Era

Post-war literature explored themes of affluence and disillusionment, with writers like John Updike and Ralph Ellison addressing societal anxieties.
The literary response to World War II often reflected deeper existential themes compared to World War I.

Elections and Political Climate

John F. Kennedy's televised debates contributed significantly to his electoral success in 1960.
Eisenhower left office maintaining high public approval despite limited legislative achievements in his later term.

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Description

Test your knowledge of Chapter 37 in AP US History with these flashcards. This chapter explores the shifting dynamics of work in the 1950s, focusing on technological advancements and the evolving job market. Prepare for your exam by reviewing key concepts and definitions related to this pivotal decade in American history.