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Questions and Answers
What was the concept of land ownership for Native Americans before European arrival?
What was the concept of land ownership for Native Americans before European arrival?
They didn't own land; they used the land.
What events led Europeans to exploration? (Select all that apply)
What events led Europeans to exploration? (Select all that apply)
Why was this a good time for exploration?
Why was this a good time for exploration?
Developments in ships, new navigation tools, and more money due to increased trade.
What is the Columbian Exchange?
What is the Columbian Exchange?
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How was Spanish interaction with Native Americans characterized?
How was Spanish interaction with Native Americans characterized?
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What motivated the early English settlements?
What motivated the early English settlements?
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Who was Anne Hutchinson?
Who was Anne Hutchinson?
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What was the headright system?
What was the headright system?
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What does primogeniture mean?
What does primogeniture mean?
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What were the causes and effects of Bacon's Rebellion?
What were the causes and effects of Bacon's Rebellion?
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Where did the majority of slaves go in the New World?
Where did the majority of slaves go in the New World?
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What were New England family characteristics?
What were New England family characteristics?
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What were the Salem witch trials?
What were the Salem witch trials?
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What were the 1662 slave codes?
What were the 1662 slave codes?
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What was the effect of the Glorious Revolution in the colonies?
What was the effect of the Glorious Revolution in the colonies?
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What was the New England confederation?
What was the New England confederation?
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What was the Dominion of New England?
What was the Dominion of New England?
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What were the economic dependencies of the colonies?
What were the economic dependencies of the colonies?
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Who were the Quakers?
Who were the Quakers?
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What were early settlements like and what conflicts existed?
What were early settlements like and what conflicts existed?
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Study Notes
Native Americans Before European Arrival
- Native Americans had no concept of land ownership; they viewed land as a shared resource for use.
- Societies were mostly primitive, nomadic, and engaged in fairly peaceful interactions.
Events Leading to European Exploration
- Europeans were motivated by greed, craving luxuries and seeking faster routes to India for the spice trade.
- Curiosity was heightened after the Glorious Revolution.
Factors Favoring Exploration
- Innovations in shipbuilding produced faster and more capable vessels.
- Advances in navigation tools, alongside increased trade wealth, fueled exploration efforts.
Columbian Exchange
- A triangular trade route emerged between Europe, Africa, and the Americas.
- Exchange included goods, slaves, ideas, food, and diseases, resulting in increased settlement and communication.
Spanish Interaction with Native Americans
- Encounters were often hostile, with instances of massacres and use of Native Americans for labor under encomienda systems.
- This led to significant deaths and interracial marriages, fostering cultural blending.
Early English Settlements
- Roanoke Island faced extinction, likely due to poor location and interaction with natives.
- Jamestown suffered similar challenges, leading to near failure, driven by overpopulation and desire for land and resources.
Anne Hutchinson
- A strong-willed and intelligent woman advocating antinomianism, claiming that the saved were above the law.
- Banished for her beliefs, she traveled to Rhode Island while pregnant and later died in New York from Native American attacks.
Headright System
- Established in Virginia in 1618, granting 50 acres of land per individual who financed their or another's journey to Virginia.
- Encouraged immigration and resulted in the growth of large plantations.
Primogeniture
- Legal principle stating only the eldest son could inherit an estate, affecting land distribution.
Bacon's Rebellion
- Caused by discontent among indentured servants and impoverished community members seeking land ownership.
- Resulted in increased reliance on enslaved Africans, as they were perceived to be more manageable than indentured servants.
Slave Destinations in the New World
- Majority of enslaved individuals were sent to the West Indies, Brazil, and the Caribbean, with 400,000 reaching North America mainly in Southern colonies like South Carolina and Virginia.
New England Family Characteristics
- Families were large, with early marriages and frequent childbirth, averaging two children per year.
- Longer life expectancy led to generational knowledge involving grandparents.
Salem Witch Trials
- Triggered by mass hysteria, leading to widespread accusations and executions of supposed witches.
- Reflects fears of losing Puritan community power and social stability.
1662 Slave Codes
- Defined racial slavery, classifying individuals of African descent and their offspring as property of their white masters.
- Restricted slave rights and access to education.
Effect of the Glorious Revolution in Colonies
- Colonists became aware of their resentment toward strict royal governance, culminating in the overthrow of the Dominion of New England.
New England Confederation
- An early self-government attempt, uniting Massachusetts and Connecticut under Puritan leadership.
Dominion of New England
- An English crown-imposed union that included New England, New York, and East and West Jersey, led by Sir Edmund Andros with strict regulations.
- Enforced heavy taxes, navigational laws, and dissolved public assemblies until its fall after the Glorious Revolution.
Economic Dependencies of the Colonies
- Many colonies operated under joint stock systems, where partnerships with funded companies shared the profits of colonial ventures.
Quakers
- Prominent in Rhode Island, they promoted peace and religious tolerance, embodying simplicity and liberal ideals.
- Originated in the colonies due to their dissent from the Church of England.
Conditions and Conflicts in Early Settlements
- Early colonies faced dire conditions in unsuitable, swampy areas prone to disease.
- Colonists struggled with agricultural skills and often clashed with Native Americans due to misunderstandings and competing interests.
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Description
This quiz provides a review of key concepts covered in APUSH Chapters 1 to 4. It includes flashcards that explore the Native American worldview before European contact, the motivations for European exploration, and early interactions between cultures. Perfect for students preparing for exams.
