30 Questions
What is the demarcation criterion that distinguishes a scientific theory from a non-scientific theory?
Falsifiability
What type of predictions must a scientific theory make to be considered risky?
Predictions that run a real risk of being incorrect
Which type of theories fail Karl Popper's test of falsifiability?
Theories that explain phenomena after they have occurred
What is the highest status given to a scientific theory according to the text?
"Not yet disconfirmed"
What does Thomus Kuhn refer to as a widely accepted viewpoint or shared set of assumptions?
Paradigm
In the context of normal science, what is the primary focus when exploring the implications of a paradigm?
Exploring the implications of the paradigm
What is the main function of a Scientific Theory?
Organizes empirical observations
What does Empiricism emphasize?
The source of knowledge is based on sensory observation
What is a key characteristic of a Scientific Law?
It is a consistently observed relationship between empirical events
Why is categorizing observations important in science?
To organize observations by similarity or difference
Which philosophical position focuses on determining the validity of propositions through logic?
Rationalism
What prevents science from accumulating an array of disconnected empirical facts?
The combination of Rationalism and Empiricism
Why is it important to study the history of psychology?
All of the above
What approach did E.G. Boring, president of the American Psychological Association, stress?
That ideas will not stick if the climate is not ready for them
Why do theories in psychology fade?
Because they become unpopular
What approach does the textbook mentioned in the passage take?
An eclectic approach combining various methods
What is one reason why students have stopped citing old works in psychology?
The old works are considered fads or fashions
What does the quote "We never seem to solve our problems, just grow tired of them" by Gordon Allport imply?
Psychologists move on to new problems without solving old ones
According to Popper, what is the nature of scientific problem-solving?
It is highly creative and imaginative.
Which of the following is NOT a view held by Kuhn regarding science?
Scientific observation is neutral and objective.
What is the fundamental disagreement between Popper and Kuhn regarding science?
Popper believed in objective truth, while Kuhn rejected the idea of absolute truth.
What was Paul Feyerabend's view on the rules of science?
He advocated for breaking existing rules for science to progress.
What is a characteristic of psychology that supports its status as a science?
It establishes lawful relationships between stimuli and behavior.
What is a view expressed by some regarding attempts to characterize the nature of science?
It is a futile exercise, as there is no single scientific method.
What is the primary aim of major research according to the text?
To not produce major novelties, conceptual or phenomenal
What is one negative aspect of major research mentioned in the text?
It hinders researchers from considering alternative explanations
How does a paradigm guide a researcher's activities according to the text?
It determines what constitutes a research problem and how to seek its solution
What are anomalies in the context of scientific paradigms?
Observations that cannot be explained by the existing paradigm
What typically happens when anomalies arise?
An alternative viewpoint is proposed to account for the anomaly
What does the text suggest about the state of psychology as a discipline?
Others view psychology as simply a different type of science
Explore different approaches in analyzing historical developments in sciences, considering the political climate, technological advancements, and socioeconomic conditions. Learn about the Great-Person Approach that emphasizes key individuals and the Historical Development Approach that showcases contributions of various individuals or events to changes in ideas or concepts.
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