Applied Research Overview Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary focus of applied research?

  • General theories
  • Practical problems (correct)
  • Literary criticism
  • Historical analysis

Evaluation research assesses the effectiveness of a program or practice based on universal standards.

False (B)

Name one form of applied research conducted at the local level.

Action Research

The __________ of the study serves as a blueprint for the research.

<p>design</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the types of research designs with their descriptions:

<p>Non-experimental Designs = Examine relationships without suggesting direct cause-and-effect Experimental Designs = Investigate cause-and-effect relationships through manipulation Applied Research = Seek solutions for practical problems at a local level Evaluation Research = Assess the effectiveness based on site-specific values</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT one of the four basic elements of research design?

<p>Research questions (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the first step in the systematic procedures of research?

<p>Identification of the research problem (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Non-experimental designs can never be used to investigate cause-and-effect relationships.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

List two categories into which research designs can be classified.

<p>Non-experimental Designs and Experimental Designs</p> Signup and view all the answers

External validity refers to the extent to which research results can be generalized to a larger population.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of data is necessary to compare the mathematics ability of male and female students?

<p>Mathematics scores</p> Signup and view all the answers

Research requires expertise, which means the researcher should have knowledge about how to conduct research and the specific ______ being studied.

<p>issue</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following research concepts with their definitions:

<p>External Validity = Generalizability of results to a larger population Internal Validity = Accuracy of the study in measuring what it intends to measure Courage in Research = Facing challenges and difficulties encountered Systematic Steps = Carefully designed procedural steps in research</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT one of the steps in conducting research?

<p>Hypothesis formulation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A researcher can conduct research blindly without following systematic steps.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why might the results from studying 20 teachers in one school not represent the attitude of all teachers in the region?

<p>The small sample size and location may not reflect the broader population's attitudes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of a re-searchable problem?

<p>It can be effectively solved through research. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A researcher should avoid studying problems that have already been investigated by others.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should a researcher determine to avoid unnecessary research duplication?

<p>The record of previous studies completed in the field.</p> Signup and view all the answers

A problem needs to have some practical contributions, for example, a significant problem can be about the ______ between school size and student performance.

<p>relationship</p> Signup and view all the answers

When is it acceptable for a researcher to repeat a study?

<p>To check its conclusions. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A question of value can effectively guide a research investigation.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one reason a researcher might want to replicate a study?

<p>To observe findings in a different setting.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following types of research problems with their characteristics:

<p>Re-searchable Problem = Can be solved through research New Problem = Not previously adequately studied Significance of the Problem = Has practical contributions Feasibility of the Problem = Requires important preconditions</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of research objectives?

<p>To avoid unnecessary data collection (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

General objectives are always more detailed and specific than specific objectives.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does SMART in specific objectives stand for?

<p>Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Relevant, Time bound</p> Signup and view all the answers

The _____ of the study outlines its scope and limitations.

<p>delimitations</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a type of research objective?

<p>Primary Objectives (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Limitations of the study refer to the strengths that enhance the results of the research.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the components of a research proposal with their descriptions:

<p>Significance of the Study = Importance of the research results Delimitations = Scope and boundaries of the study Limitations = Constraints affecting the study results Definition of Basic Terms = Clarification of unusual terms used in the study</p> Signup and view all the answers

What section of a research proposal explains the contribution of the study to various bodies?

<p>Significance of the Study</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the process of paraphrasing?

<p>Restating ideas in one's own words (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Quotations require using quotation marks around borrowed ideas.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are citations used for in a literature review?

<p>To identify the source of an idea by mentioning the author's name and year of publication.</p> Signup and view all the answers

When organizing a review, start with a __________ perspective.

<p>comprehensive</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the citation formatting with its description:

<p>Author mentioned in text = Author (Year) Author not mentioned in text = (Author, Year) Two authors = Author1 and Author2</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which example correctly cites a source when the author's name is part of the idea?

<p>Good lad (1995) emphasizes the importance of teacher quality. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Good lad (1995) states that the quality of education does not depend on teacher quality.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct way to cite two authors according to the guidelines present?

<p>Use 'and' to separate their names when mentioned as part of the idea.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What punctuation should be used to separate authors when mentioning them in a citation?

<p>Ampersand (&amp;) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Quotations longer than five lines should be enclosed in quotation marks.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the two basic types of sources researchers need to be familiar with?

<p>Primary sources and secondary sources</p> Signup and view all the answers

Use quotations __________ in your writing.

<p>rarely</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the citation style with its description:

<p>Author &amp; Year = Used for multiple authors in citations Quotation Marks = Used for direct quotes up to 5 lines Indented Block = Used for quotes longer than 5 lines Page Numbers = Including for quotations</p> Signup and view all the answers

When citing a secondary source, which format should you use?

<p>Author (Year) cited in Author (Year) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Secondary literature offers an in-depth analysis of primary research.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should be included along with a citation when quoting a source directly?

<p>Page number</p> Signup and view all the answers

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Flashcards

External Validity

The ability to apply findings from a research study to a larger group of people.

Internal Validity

The extent to which a research study's design and procedures ensure that the observed results are actually caused by the factor being investigated.

Data Collection

Gathering data or information related to a research question, using various methods like tests, questionnaires, or observations.

Data Analysis

The process of organizing, analyzing, and interpreting data collected during research.

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Research Problem

A well-defined problem or question that guides a research study.

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Research Method

The systematic approach chosen to conduct a research study, such as experiments, surveys, or case studies.

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Reporting Results

Presenting the results of a research study in a clear and concise manner.

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Courage in Research

The confidence and determination required to overcome obstacles during research.

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Applied Research

Research used to find solutions for practical problems, focusing on local applicability rather than universal validity.

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Evaluation Research

Research used to assess the worth of a program, product, policy, or process, determining if it functions as intended.

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Research Design

A plan for conducting research, outlining data collection, analysis, and reporting procedures.

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Non-experimental Design

Research designs that describe existing situations or examine relationships without directly attributing cause and effect.

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Experimental Design

Research designs that manipulate variables to study cause-and-effect relationships.

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Time in Research Design

The time when the research takes place.

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Subjects in Research Design

The participants or subjects involved in the research study.

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Place in Research Design

The location where the research is conducted.

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Researchable Problem

A research question should be solvable using research methods.

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New Problem

A research question should address a gap in existing knowledge, making it relevant and valuable.

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Significance of the Problem

The research should have practical implications or benefits, contributing to a field or solving a real-world issue.

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Feasibility of the Problem

The research should be feasible to conduct within resources and time constraints.

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Clear Research Question

The research question should be focused and specific, avoiding broad or ambiguous inquiries.

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Ethical Considerations

The research should be ethical, respecting participant rights, privacy, and data integrity.

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Realistic Scope

The research project should be achievable within realistic timelines and available resources.

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What are specific research objectives?

Specific, measurable, achievable, relevant, and time-bound goals that break down general objectives into smaller, manageable steps.

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What is the purpose of research objectives?

A clear statement outlining the purpose of a research study, including the problem being addressed and the overall goals to be achieved.

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What are limitations in research?

Constraints or limitations that may have impacted the results of the research, such as limited access to data, sampling issues, or methodological weaknesses.

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What is the delimitation of a research study?

The scope or boundaries of a research study, specifying the target population, research methods, and time frame.

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When are definitions of terms required?

Explanations of unusual or specialized terms used within a research proposal, ensuring clear understanding for the reader.

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Who benefits from the results of a research study?

The intended users or beneficiaries of the research findings, including policymakers, participants, or other researchers.

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What are general research objectives?

Broad, overarching aims that you hope to achieve by the end of your research.

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What is the purpose of a research summary?

A concise summary of the key points and findings of a research proposal.

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Organizing a Literature Review

Arranging research findings according to a set plan, beginning with broader, more general studies first, then moving to specific, local ones.

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Citation in Literature Review

Giving credit to the source of an idea by including the author's name and the year of publication.

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Direct Citation

Including the author's name within the text and adding the publication year in parentheses. Example: "Good lad (1995) states that...".

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Indirect Citation

Placing the author's name and publication year in parentheses at the end of the idea. Example: "...quality of teachers (Jupta, 1982)."

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Citing Two Authors

When citing two authors, use the term 'and' to separate their names within the text. Example: "Smith and Jones (2000) argue...".

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Comprehensive Literature Review

A comprehensive review should cover both general and specific research on a topic, starting broadly and then focusing on specific details.

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Primary Source

The original source material that provides direct information, including books, articles, and research reports.

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Secondary Source

Sources that discuss or analyze information from primary sources, providing summaries and interpretations of existing research.

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Citing a Cited Idea

When using a quotation from a secondary source, acknowledge both the original source and the secondary source.

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Quotation in Research

Directly taken statements from a source material, enclosed in quotation marks for short quotes and indented for longer quotes.

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Page Numbers in Quotations

Including page numbers to identify the exact location of a quotation or idea in the original source.

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Citing Multiple Authors

When citing multiple authors, separate their names with an ampersand (&) and indicate the year of publication.

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Explanation after Quote

A brief explanation or description following a direct quote, providing context and clarity.

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Quote Length Conventions

Use of quotation marks for quotes up to 5 lines and indented paragraphs for longer quotes.

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Study Notes

Research Methodology in Lifelong Learning

  • The course is module five, course one.
  • Students will be able to identify ways knowledge is acquired, define research, explain characteristics of research, and state criteria for classifying research.
  • Different stakeholders in education have diverse questions and need methods to understand learning processes, knowledge acquisition, and decision-making.
  • Epistemology is the branch of philosophy that studies knowledge.
  • Knowledge sources can be classified into scientific and alternative knowledge sources.
  • Knowledge acquired through senses, tradition, authority, and reasoning.
  • Science is a systematic approach to develop and organize knowledge based on data collection, analysis, and conclusion drawing.
  • Research as a systematic scientific process to find solutions to a problem: Identifying a problem, defining it precisely, gathering relevant data, analyzing data, properly interpreting it, and reporting the findings.
  • Research should be systematic, logical, empirical, and replicable (verifiable with repeated study).
  • Research is directed to solve problems (determine relationships between multiple variables).
  • Research aims to develop generalizations and principles to predict future occurrences.
  • Research requires knowledge and expertise with a meticulously planned process. The process has five primary steps: identifying, defining the problem, determining what data is needed to solve the problem, organizing and examining the data, and reporting the results.
  • Research can be classified by purpose (basic/fundamental or applied), the design, the nature of the research questions, the approach, and the setting.
  • External validity is about generalizing results to larger populations.
  • Internal validity is about the accuracy of interpreting the cause-and-effect relationship of the research design.
  • Research has several types, including survey, experimental, historical, and ethnographic.
  • A good research problem can be effectively addressed through procedures; it is a question with the potential to be answered through investigation; there are practical considerations (feasibility and value); the research should not be a duplicate of previously conducted work.
  • A problem statement effectively communicates research focus.
  • Research questions are well-defined questions that help direct investigations.
  • Hypotheses are specific and testable statements about relationships between variables.
  • A hypothesis is a tentative answer to a research problem which can be tested using empirical methods.
  • Hypotheses are created to verify if there is a difference or a relationship between variables, or whether to see whether an effect results from a certain type of manipulation or action.
  • There are null and alternative hypotheses. Null implies no difference/relationship; alternative suggests a difference/relationship.
  • Research objectives provide direction for investigation of variables.
  • Research aims must be SMART (specific, measurable, achievable, relevant, and time-bound).
  • The significance of a study shows the value and importance of the research for policy makers, participants, and other researchers.
  • Limitations of a research are constraints that may affect the results in the research process (methodologies, lack of relevant data).
  • A literature review comprises a thorough search, summary, evaluation of available material on topic.
  • Research review helps identify the problem, define the scope, develop research design, and relate findings (or outcomes) to related knowledge and further research.

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