Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the primary focus of applied research?
What is the primary focus of applied research?
- General theories
- Practical problems (correct)
- Literary criticism
- Historical analysis
Evaluation research assesses the effectiveness of a program or practice based on universal standards.
Evaluation research assesses the effectiveness of a program or practice based on universal standards.
False (B)
Name one form of applied research conducted at the local level.
Name one form of applied research conducted at the local level.
Action Research
The __________ of the study serves as a blueprint for the research.
The __________ of the study serves as a blueprint for the research.
Match the types of research designs with their descriptions:
Match the types of research designs with their descriptions:
Which of the following is NOT one of the four basic elements of research design?
Which of the following is NOT one of the four basic elements of research design?
What is the first step in the systematic procedures of research?
What is the first step in the systematic procedures of research?
Non-experimental designs can never be used to investigate cause-and-effect relationships.
Non-experimental designs can never be used to investigate cause-and-effect relationships.
List two categories into which research designs can be classified.
List two categories into which research designs can be classified.
External validity refers to the extent to which research results can be generalized to a larger population.
External validity refers to the extent to which research results can be generalized to a larger population.
What type of data is necessary to compare the mathematics ability of male and female students?
What type of data is necessary to compare the mathematics ability of male and female students?
Research requires expertise, which means the researcher should have knowledge about how to conduct research and the specific ______ being studied.
Research requires expertise, which means the researcher should have knowledge about how to conduct research and the specific ______ being studied.
Match the following research concepts with their definitions:
Match the following research concepts with their definitions:
Which of the following is NOT one of the steps in conducting research?
Which of the following is NOT one of the steps in conducting research?
A researcher can conduct research blindly without following systematic steps.
A researcher can conduct research blindly without following systematic steps.
Why might the results from studying 20 teachers in one school not represent the attitude of all teachers in the region?
Why might the results from studying 20 teachers in one school not represent the attitude of all teachers in the region?
Which of the following is a characteristic of a re-searchable problem?
Which of the following is a characteristic of a re-searchable problem?
A researcher should avoid studying problems that have already been investigated by others.
A researcher should avoid studying problems that have already been investigated by others.
What should a researcher determine to avoid unnecessary research duplication?
What should a researcher determine to avoid unnecessary research duplication?
A problem needs to have some practical contributions, for example, a significant problem can be about the ______ between school size and student performance.
A problem needs to have some practical contributions, for example, a significant problem can be about the ______ between school size and student performance.
When is it acceptable for a researcher to repeat a study?
When is it acceptable for a researcher to repeat a study?
A question of value can effectively guide a research investigation.
A question of value can effectively guide a research investigation.
What is one reason a researcher might want to replicate a study?
What is one reason a researcher might want to replicate a study?
Match the following types of research problems with their characteristics:
Match the following types of research problems with their characteristics:
What is the primary purpose of research objectives?
What is the primary purpose of research objectives?
General objectives are always more detailed and specific than specific objectives.
General objectives are always more detailed and specific than specific objectives.
What does SMART in specific objectives stand for?
What does SMART in specific objectives stand for?
The _____ of the study outlines its scope and limitations.
The _____ of the study outlines its scope and limitations.
Which of the following is NOT a type of research objective?
Which of the following is NOT a type of research objective?
Limitations of the study refer to the strengths that enhance the results of the research.
Limitations of the study refer to the strengths that enhance the results of the research.
Match the components of a research proposal with their descriptions:
Match the components of a research proposal with their descriptions:
What section of a research proposal explains the contribution of the study to various bodies?
What section of a research proposal explains the contribution of the study to various bodies?
What is the process of paraphrasing?
What is the process of paraphrasing?
Quotations require using quotation marks around borrowed ideas.
Quotations require using quotation marks around borrowed ideas.
What are citations used for in a literature review?
What are citations used for in a literature review?
When organizing a review, start with a __________ perspective.
When organizing a review, start with a __________ perspective.
Match the citation formatting with its description:
Match the citation formatting with its description:
Which example correctly cites a source when the author's name is part of the idea?
Which example correctly cites a source when the author's name is part of the idea?
Good lad (1995) states that the quality of education does not depend on teacher quality.
Good lad (1995) states that the quality of education does not depend on teacher quality.
What is the correct way to cite two authors according to the guidelines present?
What is the correct way to cite two authors according to the guidelines present?
What punctuation should be used to separate authors when mentioning them in a citation?
What punctuation should be used to separate authors when mentioning them in a citation?
Quotations longer than five lines should be enclosed in quotation marks.
Quotations longer than five lines should be enclosed in quotation marks.
What are the two basic types of sources researchers need to be familiar with?
What are the two basic types of sources researchers need to be familiar with?
Use quotations __________ in your writing.
Use quotations __________ in your writing.
Match the citation style with its description:
Match the citation style with its description:
When citing a secondary source, which format should you use?
When citing a secondary source, which format should you use?
Secondary literature offers an in-depth analysis of primary research.
Secondary literature offers an in-depth analysis of primary research.
What should be included along with a citation when quoting a source directly?
What should be included along with a citation when quoting a source directly?
Flashcards
External Validity
External Validity
The ability to apply findings from a research study to a larger group of people.
Internal Validity
Internal Validity
The extent to which a research study's design and procedures ensure that the observed results are actually caused by the factor being investigated.
Data Collection
Data Collection
Gathering data or information related to a research question, using various methods like tests, questionnaires, or observations.
Data Analysis
Data Analysis
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Research Problem
Research Problem
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Research Method
Research Method
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Reporting Results
Reporting Results
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Courage in Research
Courage in Research
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Applied Research
Applied Research
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Evaluation Research
Evaluation Research
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Research Design
Research Design
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Non-experimental Design
Non-experimental Design
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Experimental Design
Experimental Design
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Time in Research Design
Time in Research Design
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Subjects in Research Design
Subjects in Research Design
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Place in Research Design
Place in Research Design
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Researchable Problem
Researchable Problem
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New Problem
New Problem
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Significance of the Problem
Significance of the Problem
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Feasibility of the Problem
Feasibility of the Problem
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Clear Research Question
Clear Research Question
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Ethical Considerations
Ethical Considerations
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Realistic Scope
Realistic Scope
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What are specific research objectives?
What are specific research objectives?
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What is the purpose of research objectives?
What is the purpose of research objectives?
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What are limitations in research?
What are limitations in research?
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What is the delimitation of a research study?
What is the delimitation of a research study?
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When are definitions of terms required?
When are definitions of terms required?
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Who benefits from the results of a research study?
Who benefits from the results of a research study?
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What are general research objectives?
What are general research objectives?
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What is the purpose of a research summary?
What is the purpose of a research summary?
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Organizing a Literature Review
Organizing a Literature Review
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Citation in Literature Review
Citation in Literature Review
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Direct Citation
Direct Citation
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Indirect Citation
Indirect Citation
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Citing Two Authors
Citing Two Authors
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Comprehensive Literature Review
Comprehensive Literature Review
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Primary Source
Primary Source
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Secondary Source
Secondary Source
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Citing a Cited Idea
Citing a Cited Idea
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Quotation in Research
Quotation in Research
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Page Numbers in Quotations
Page Numbers in Quotations
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Citing Multiple Authors
Citing Multiple Authors
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Explanation after Quote
Explanation after Quote
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Quote Length Conventions
Quote Length Conventions
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Study Notes
Research Methodology in Lifelong Learning
- The course is module five, course one.
- Students will be able to identify ways knowledge is acquired, define research, explain characteristics of research, and state criteria for classifying research.
- Different stakeholders in education have diverse questions and need methods to understand learning processes, knowledge acquisition, and decision-making.
- Epistemology is the branch of philosophy that studies knowledge.
- Knowledge sources can be classified into scientific and alternative knowledge sources.
- Knowledge acquired through senses, tradition, authority, and reasoning.
- Science is a systematic approach to develop and organize knowledge based on data collection, analysis, and conclusion drawing.
- Research as a systematic scientific process to find solutions to a problem: Identifying a problem, defining it precisely, gathering relevant data, analyzing data, properly interpreting it, and reporting the findings.
- Research should be systematic, logical, empirical, and replicable (verifiable with repeated study).
- Research is directed to solve problems (determine relationships between multiple variables).
- Research aims to develop generalizations and principles to predict future occurrences.
- Research requires knowledge and expertise with a meticulously planned process. The process has five primary steps: identifying, defining the problem, determining what data is needed to solve the problem, organizing and examining the data, and reporting the results.
- Research can be classified by purpose (basic/fundamental or applied), the design, the nature of the research questions, the approach, and the setting.
- External validity is about generalizing results to larger populations.
- Internal validity is about the accuracy of interpreting the cause-and-effect relationship of the research design.
- Research has several types, including survey, experimental, historical, and ethnographic.
- A good research problem can be effectively addressed through procedures; it is a question with the potential to be answered through investigation; there are practical considerations (feasibility and value); the research should not be a duplicate of previously conducted work.
- A problem statement effectively communicates research focus.
- Research questions are well-defined questions that help direct investigations.
- Hypotheses are specific and testable statements about relationships between variables.
- A hypothesis is a tentative answer to a research problem which can be tested using empirical methods.
- Hypotheses are created to verify if there is a difference or a relationship between variables, or whether to see whether an effect results from a certain type of manipulation or action.
- There are null and alternative hypotheses. Null implies no difference/relationship; alternative suggests a difference/relationship.
- Research objectives provide direction for investigation of variables.
- Research aims must be SMART (specific, measurable, achievable, relevant, and time-bound).
- The significance of a study shows the value and importance of the research for policy makers, participants, and other researchers.
- Limitations of a research are constraints that may affect the results in the research process (methodologies, lack of relevant data).
- A literature review comprises a thorough search, summary, evaluation of available material on topic.
- Research review helps identify the problem, define the scope, develop research design, and relate findings (or outcomes) to related knowledge and further research.
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