Introduction to Research Design
51 Questions
0 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What is the primary focus of qualitative research?

  • Understanding deep, subjective meanings and experiences (correct)
  • Testing hypotheses through experiments
  • Collecting numerical data for statistics
  • Measuring and generalizing data

    • Mixed methods research can only be conducted in a sequential design.

    False

    What are the two main epistemological roots of qualitative and quantitative research?

    Constructionism for qualitative research and Positivism for quantitative research.

    Quantitative research focuses on measurement and ________.

    <p>generalization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following research topics with their focus:

    <p>Qualitative Research = Meanings and deep feelings Quantitative Research = Facts and statistical analysis Mixed Methods Research = Combining qualitative and quantitative approaches Research Questions = Exploring relationships and processes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following tools can be used for qualitative data collection?

    <p>Focus groups</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Qualitative research typically uses larger, representative sample sizes than quantitative research.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of questions are typically analyzed in quantitative research?

    <p>Questions that focus on 'how many' and 'what'.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following methods is NOT included in qualitative research tools?

    <p>Statistical analysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Qualitative interviews are typically standardized and follow a strict set of questions.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key characteristic of qualitative interviewing?

    <p>Questions are not predefined.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Qualitative research provides a deeper insight into social phenomena through ______ data.

    <p>non-numerical</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following qualitative research tools with their descriptions:

    <p>Observation = Analyzing practices and exchanges Focus Groups = Group discussions to explore opinions Interviews = Individual conversations for detailed narratives Text Analysis = Examining written documents for insights</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of qualitative interviewing?

    <p>To understand personal perspectives and stories</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the primary reasons for adhering to ethical norms in research?

    <p>To build public trust and support for research</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Storytelling is an essential component of qualitative research and interviewing.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who emphasized the flexible nature of qualitative interviews in their work?

    <p>Corbetta</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Stanford prison experiment is often cited as an example of an ethical research study.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does informed consent entail in the context of research?

    <p>Participants must understand the research, risks, and their rights.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Ethics is derived from Greek ______ and Latin ______.

    Signup and view all the answers

    What is the first step in coding data according to the outlined process?

    <p>Examine data for notable behaviours</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Balancing the values and perspectives of all participants is not considered a challenge during data interpretation.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    List two key components necessary for effective communication of research results.

    <p>Target Audience, Purpose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A good research report should include an introduction, objectives, methods, results, and ________.

    <p>practical advice</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following research report sections with their descriptions:

    <p>Introduction and Background = Context of the research Objectives = Aim of the research Methods = Research design and tools Results = Key findings with evidence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which method is NOT considered a type of media for presenting research results?

    <p>Online surveys</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Qualitative research emphasizes numerical data and statistical analysis.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be adjusted over time when categorising codes in data analysis?

    <p>Names and structure of categories</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of the funnelling technique in interviews?

    <p>To make the interviewee feel comfortable</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of survey filters?

    <p>To streamline the survey by branching questions based on prior answers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During an interview, it is essential for the interviewer to express approval or disapproval of the interviewee's answers.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of questions should be used to encourage participants to share more information?

    <p>Open-ended questions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Sensitive or intrusive questions in a survey should not offer a 'Prefer not to answer' option.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The technique of using affirmative noises like 'Uh-huh' and 'I see' during an interview is known as a __________ probe.

    <p>Uh-huh</p> Signup and view all the answers

    List two components of a good survey introduction.

    <p>Thank You Statement, Study Purpose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Questions that present two ideas at once are known as __________ questions.

    <p>double-barreled</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following probing techniques with their descriptions:

    <p>Silent Probe = Remaining silent to let the interviewee continue speaking Echo Probe = Repeating the last statement to encourage elaboration Uh-huh Probe = Using affirmative noises to prompt further speaking Probing = Uncovering new meanings while minimizing interviewer influence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the common mistakes in questionnaire design to their descriptions:

    <p>Leading Questions = Use neutral language to avoid bias Overlapping Options = Ensure options are distinct Vague Questions = Avoid ambiguity and be specific Incomplete Answer Choices = Include 'Other' options for relevant responses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a recommended questioning technique?

    <p>Asking one clear question at a time</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A successful interview should remain strictly a question-and-answer format.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one primary challenge when using survey filters?

    <p>They can complicate the survey flow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should an interviewer do to maintain a fluid conversation?

    <p>Ensure smooth transitions between topics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Keeping a survey too long can lead to higher quality responses.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The survey’s __________ assures respondents that their answers will remain anonymous.

    <p>confidentiality</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of maintaining ethics in research?

    <p>To protect participants’ dignity and maintain integrity of results</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The right to withdraw allows participants to leave a study without any consequences.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is informed consent in the context of research?

    <p>Participants must understand the research, risks, and their rights.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the key ethical practices with their descriptions:

    <p>Informed Consent = Understanding risks and rights Confidentiality = Protection of private information Risk Assessment = Anticipating and mitigating harm Deception = Allow only if scientifically justified</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a principle of ethics in research?

    <p>Manipulation of data</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Personal ethical decision-making does not involve an individual's judgment.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    List one reason to adhere to ethical norms in research.

    <p>To build public trust and support for research.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Research Design Introduction

    • Research is a systematic and objective attempt to study a problem to derive general principles.
    • Researchers aim for exhaustive explanations, verifiable truths, and discoveries.
    • Research is classified as basic/pure (problem understanding, knowledge creation, induction) or applied (problem solving, deduction).
    • Applied research solves problems, while fundamental studies expand knowledge.
    • Applied research is problem-oriented, driven by external clients to answer a specific question or resolve a specific problem.
    • Applied research follows a problem-research-problem sequence.
    • Applied research seeks solutions, using practical methodologies to solve specific issues.
    • Applied research is generally conducted by consultants or professionals focusing on practical solutions to problems in the real world and is motivated by the need to solve a specific problem in a particular organization.
    • Applied research aims to improve human conditions.

    Qualitative Research Tools

    • Qualitative research focuses on understanding deep meanings and experiences.
    • Qualitative methods include direct observation; analysis of texts, speeches, stories and conversation; focus groups.
    • Qualitative research uses text, interviews, and observations to collect data.

    Quantitative Research

    • Quantitative research aims for measurement and generalization, using statistics, surveys, and experiments.
    • Quantitative research uses numbers and statistical results to collect and analyze data.
    • Larger, representative samples are typical of quantitative research.

    Research Design 2

    • Qualitative research focuses on understanding deep, subjective meanings and experiences.
    • Quantitative research focuses on measurement and generalization.
    • Mixed methods research combines qualitative and quantitative methods.

    Qualitative Research Tools

    • Qualitative research tools include interviews, focus groups, and observations.
    • Types of Qualitative Research include unstructured interviews (interviewer establishes rapport and respondent can express themselves), semi-structured interviews (structure guiding questions), and structured interviews (predefined questions).

    Developing a Data Collection Tool

    • The goal is to identify information needed to answer research questions.
    • Organize topics logically and develop questions based on the rationale.
    • Test the tool in a pilot phase before full implementation.

    Quantitative Approach

    • Questionnaires are used for gathering data using predesigned questions and options.
    • Surveys are used to capture information from a large population and can encompass questionnaires or interviews.
    • Descriptive surveys aim to identify current conditions or characteristics in a population.
    • Analytical surveys investigate relationships between variables.
    • Cross-sectional studies collect data from a population at a single point in time.
    • Longitudinal studies track changes over time to evaluate program effectiveness or study natural developments.

    Survey Development Process

    • First, identify the study's focus, objectives, and expected outcomes.
    • Gather background information for the survey's scope and questions.
    • Develop questions aligned with research objectives and consider question types.
    • Implement the survey using appropriate testing and methods.
    • Analyze data and draw conclusions.
    • Communicate results in an effective manner.

    Ethical Perspectives in Applied Research

    • Ethical principles govern research to protect participants' dignity, rights, and well-being.
    • Ethical norms promote trustworthiness and accountability, benefitting the broader research community.
    • Three key elements of ethical research include personal ethical decision-making, professional ethical standards, and regulatory mechanisms.
    • Researchers must obtain informed consent from participants and address potential issues.

    Pilot Phase and Implementation

    • The pilot phase tests research instruments to detect and prevent errors in a study (questionnaire, interview guide)
    • Ensure the instrument accurately collects intended data.
    • Assess potential issues such as time, sequence of questions, and scale effects.
    • Administer the instrument and collect feedback from participants.

    Qualitative Data Analysis

    • The process of making sense of qualitative data to answer research questions.
    • Consolidating, reducing, and interpreting the data.
    • Alternating between concrete data and abstract concepts, using inductive and deductive reasoning.

    Communicating Research Results

    • Tailoring a presentation to the intended audience (e.g., peers, stakeholders).
    • Using visuals like metaphors, analogies, photographs, or diagrams effectively to convey findings.

    Types of Charts

    • Using appropriate charts for quantitative data analysis.

    Formatting Questions

    • Using appropriate question formats for a specific purpose.

    Studying That Suits You

    Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

    Quiz Team

    Related Documents

    Interview and Survey Design PDF

    Description

    This quiz provides an overview of research design, focusing on the distinction between basic and applied research. It outlines the objectives of researchers, the methodologies used, and the significance of applied research in solving real-world problems. Test your understanding of these foundational concepts in research design.

    More Like This

    Use Quizgecko on...
    Browser
    Open
    Browser
    Browser