Applied Microbiology: Food Microbiology
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Questions and Answers

What is the purpose of mould on some salamis?

  • To add flavor
  • To lower the pH
  • For protection (correct)
  • To change the texture

In which region is fermented herring commonly eaten?

  • Scandinavian countries (correct)
  • Central Asia
  • The UK
  • East Asia

What type of bacteria is used to ferment kimchi?

  • Acetic acid bacteria
  • Bacteria (correct)
  • Mould
  • Yeast

How is sauerkraut typically made?

<p>By fermenting cabbage with bacteria (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common use of fermentation in condiments and sauces?

<p>To preserve the contents (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of microorganisms are responsible for fermenting sugars and starches in bread?

<p>Yeasts and bacteria (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is typically used to make vinegar?

<p>Acetic acid bacteria (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of bacteria fermentation in pickles?

<p>They create acid (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of bacteria in cheese production?

<p>To create a low pH and help coagulate milk proteins (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is typically destroyed to create yeast extracts?

<p>Yeast cells (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of microorganisms in yogurt production?

<p>To thicken the milk and provide a sour taste (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of yeast fermentation in the production of alcoholic drinks?

<p>To produce ethanol through fermentation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of bacteria in wine production?

<p>To ferment malic acid into lactic acid (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of microorganisms are used to make soy sauce?

<p>Moulds (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between tempeh and miso paste?

<p>Tempeh is made with a different species of mould (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the common feature among kefir, yogurt, and cheese production?

<p>Use of bacteria (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of yeasts in kombucha production?

<p>To break down sugars into ethanol and carbon dioxide (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical base ingredient used to make kvass?

<p>Fermented rye bread (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of fermenting cocoa beans in chocolate production?

<p>To destroy the unwanted seed coating (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is mycoprotein created from?

<p>A type of fungus (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main category of hazards that includes bacteria and molds?

<p>Biological Hazards (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of fermenting sugars in kombucha production?

<p>Production of ethanol and carbon dioxide (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of predictive microbiology in food safety?

<p>To model the growth of microorganisms (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the process that destroys the unwanted seed coating of cocoa beans?

<p>Fermentation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main goal of studying food microbiology?

<p>To provide clean, safe, and healthful food to consumers (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who is credited with developing canning as a method of food preservation?

<p>Appert (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of microorganisms in food production?

<p>To ferment sugars to produce ethanol and carbon dioxide (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When did the concept of 'food poisoning' become recognized?

<p>900 AD (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of yeasts in bread making?

<p>To ferment sugars to produce ethanol and carbon dioxide (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why are some microorganisms undesirable in food production?

<p>They cause food to spoil (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the process by which microorganisms convert sugars to produce ethanol and carbon dioxide?

<p>Fermentation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the estimated date of beer production?

<p>7000 BC (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Salami Mould

A type of mould used for protection on some salamis.

Fermented Herring Region

Scandinavian countries are known for eating fermented herring.

Kimchi Fermentation

Kimchi is fermented using bacteria.

Sauerkraut Production

Sauerkraut is made by fermenting cabbage with bacteria.

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Fermentation in Sauces

Fermentation is often used to preserve sauces and condiments.

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Bread Fermentation

Yeasts and bacteria ferment sugars and starches in bread.

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Vinegar Production

Acetic acid bacteria are used to make vinegar.

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Pickle Fermentation

Bacteria ferment pickles, creating acid.

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Bacteria in Cheese

Bacteria help coagulate milk proteins and create low pH in cheese production.

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Yeast Extract Production

Yeast cells are typically destroyed to produce yeast extract.

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Microorganisms in Yogurt

Microorganisms thicken the milk and give yogurt its sour taste.

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Ethanol Production

Yeast fermentation during alcoholic drink production produces ethanol.

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Bacteria in Wine

Bacteria ferment malic acid into lactic acid during wine production.

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Soy Sauce Microorganisms

Moulds are used to ferment soy sauce.

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Tempeh vs Miso

Tempeh and miso paste differ in the species of mould used for fermentation.

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Yogurt, Kefir, and Cheese

Kefir, yogurt, and cheese production all involve bacteria.

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Kombucha Yeasts

Yeasts in kombucha break down sugars to produce ethanol and carbon dioxide.

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Kvass Base Ingredient

Kvass is made using fermented rye bread.

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Cocoa Bean Fermentation

Cocoa beans are fermented to destroy the unwanted seed coating.

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Mycoprotein Origin

Mycoprotein is created from a type of fungus.

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Biological Hazards

Bacteria and moulds are considered biological hazards.

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Kombucha Fermentation Result

Fermenting sugars in kombucha produces ethanol and carbon dioxide.

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Predictive Microbiology

Predictive microbiology models the growth of microorganisms in food.

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Cocoa Bean Seed Coating Removal

Fermentation is the process of destroying the unwanted seed coating of cocoa beans.

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Food Microbiology Goal

Food microbiology aims to provide safe, clean, and healthy food.

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Canning Inventor

Appert invented canning as a method of food preservation.

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Microorganisms in Food Production

Microorganisms ferment sugars to produce ethanol and carbon dioxide in many food processes.

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Food Poisoning Recognition

The concept of 'food poisoning' was recognized around 900 AD.

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Yeast in Bread Making

Yeasts ferment sugars in bread to produce ethanol and carbon dioxide.

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Undesirable Microorganisms

Some microorganisms spoil food, making them undesirable in food production.

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Fermentation Process

Fermentation is the process by which microorganisms convert sugars to produce ethanol and carbon dioxide.

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Beer Production Date

Beer production is estimated to have begun around 7000 BC.

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Study Notes

History of Food Microbiology

  • Early food preservation: 900 AD - "Food Poisoning" recognized
  • 1795 - Appert developed canning
  • 1854-1864 - Food Microbiology becomes a science, thanks to Louis Pasteur

Importance of Food Microbiology

  • Provide clean, safe, healthful food to consumers
  • Control microbial growth to prevent food spoilage and food-borne illnesses
  • Preserve and produce food using microorganisms

Microorganisms in Food Production

  • Bacteria, viruses, and fungi (yeasts and molds) are microorganisms used in food production
  • Some microorganisms are undesirable, causing spoilage or illness, while others are used to make food
  • History of microorganism use in foods: cheese, yogurt, bread, wine, and beer production

Microorganisms in Food

  • Microorganisms are used to make cheese, yogurt, and bread
  • Yeasts are used in bread production to ferment sugars and produce carbon dioxide
  • Lactic acid bacteria are used in sourdough bread to provide a sour taste
  • Moulds are used in blue cheese production to give it a unique characteristic
  • Bacteria are used in yogurt production to thicken milk and provide a sour taste

Fermented Foods

  • Soy-based products: soy sauce, miso soup, tempeh, and fermented meat and fish products
  • Fermented vegetables: kimchi, sauerkraut, pickled gherkins, and condiments like yeast extract, Worcestershire sauce, and hot sauce
  • Drinks: kombucha, kvass, and vinegar
  • Mycoprotein: a meat alternative made from fungus
  • Chocolate: fermented cocoa beans are used to make chocolate

Food Safety

  • Food safety is divided into three categories: biological, chemical, and physical hazards
  • Indicators of food microbial quality and safety: predictive microbiology and microbial modeling

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Description

This quiz covers the basics and importance of food microbiology, including its history, importance of studying microbiology, and its applications in ensuring food safety and quality.

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