Applied Medical Sciences: Carbohydrates

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Questions and Answers

Which component of starch is a straight chain form?

Amylose (correct)

Amylopectin

Glycogen

Raffinose

What is the storage form of glucose primarily found in animals and humans?

Raffinose

Cellulose

Glycogen (correct)

Starch

What is a feature of non-digestible polysaccharides?

They are a primary energy source

They contain alpha bonds

They promote regularity and softer stool (correct)

They are easily metabolized by the body

Which of the following statements about soluble and insoluble fibers is true?

Soluble fiber reduces cholesterol absorption Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a benefit of dietary fibers?

Increases blood glucose levels Signup and view all the answers

What are the main components of a carbohydrate molecule?

Carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen Signup and view all the answers

Which function of carbohydrates is primarily associated with energy supply?

Providing energy for cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the calorie content of digestible carbohydrates per gram?

4 cal/gm Signup and view all the answers

How do carbohydrates spare protein according to the provided content?

By meeting energy needs and reducing protein use for energy Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended daily fiber intake for men?

38 g/day Signup and view all the answers

What term describes the blood glucose response to a given food compared to a standard?

Glycemic index Signup and view all the answers

What happens when there is inadequate glucose available for the body?

Ketone bodies accumulate in the bloodstream Signup and view all the answers

Which impact of high glycemic diets should be identified?

They can contribute to rapid spikes in blood sugar Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential consequence of a diet low in carbohydrates?

Decreased energy availability Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended daily intake of carbohydrates for adults?

130 g/day Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of simple carbohydrates?

Enters the bloodstream rapidly Signup and view all the answers

What are the two main classifications of carbohydrates mentioned?

Simple sugars and complex carbohydrates Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of total caloric intake is recommended to come from carbohydrates?

45-65% Signup and view all the answers

What is the daily value of fiber for a 2000 kcal diet?

25 g/day Signup and view all the answers

Which food group is rich in dietary fiber?

Legumes Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is prevented by maintaining adequate carbohydrate intake?

Ketosis Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a potential problem associated with high sugar intake?

Dental caries Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of fat oxidation stopping prematurely?

Production of ketone bodies Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential consequence of consuming high glycemic load foods?

Reduced insulin sensitivity Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following constitutes a source of carbohydrates?

Sugars in fruits Signup and view all the answers

What type of carbohydrates include starches?

Complex carbohydrates Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of a simple carbohydrate?

Fruits Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following examples can be categorized as grains?

Barley Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential symptom of ketosis?

Fatigue Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Carbohydrates Overview

Organic compounds composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, primarily serving as the body's main energy source.
Carbohydrates are classified into two main categories: simple and complex.

Functions of Carbohydrates

Energy Supply: Carbohydrates provide 4 calories per gram and are the most efficient fuel source for body cells.
Protein Sparing: Adequate carbohydrate intake prevents the body from using protein for energy, allowing it to perform its essential functions like healing and growth.
Ketosis Prevention: Ensures proper fat oxidation. Lack of glucose leads to ketone body formation, which can cause nausea and ketoacidosis.

Sources of Carbohydrates

Found in natural sugars from fruits and milk, starch in grains, legumes, and nuts, as well as processed sugars in various foods.
Examples of carbohydrate-rich foods include wheat, barley, oats, corn, rice, fruits, vegetables, and legumes.

Recommended Carbohydrate Intake

The Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) is 130 grams per day for adults and children.
Carbohydrates should make up 45-65% of total daily caloric intake.
To prevent ketosis, a minimum of 50-100 grams of carbohydrates is advised daily.

Recommended Fiber Intake

Daily fiber intake should be 25 grams for women and 38 grams for men.
Average U.S. daily fiber intake stands at approximately 13-17 grams.

High Glycemic Diets and Health Implications

High glycemic foods can trigger insulin release, leading to increased blood triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels, and fat synthesis.
Associated risks include cardiovascular diseases, developing insulin resistance in muscle, and increased hunger.

Classification of Carbohydrates

Simple Carbohydrates: Comprise one or two sugar units (monosaccharides and disaccharides), provide quick energy but few nutrients. Examples include fruits, honey, milk, and added sugars in processed foods.
Complex Carbohydrates: Consist of longer chains of sugar units. Examples include starches (e.g., amylose, amylopectin) and fibers.

Digestible vs. Non-Digestible Polysaccharides

Digestible: Include starch, and glucose storage forms like glycogen found in liver and muscles.
Non-Digestible: Comprise fibers (both soluble and insoluble), promoting digestive health and lowering heart disease risk.

Glycemic Index and Load

Glycemic Index: Measures how a food affects blood glucose levels compared to a standard.
Glycemic Load: Reflects the carbohydrate content in food and its glycemic index.

Health Benefits of Fiber

Promotes digestive regularity, reduces risk of colon cancer and heart disease, and aids in weight management by promoting satiety and slowing glucose absorption.

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Description

This quiz focuses on the classification and functions of carbohydrates as part of the nursing curriculum in Applied Medical Sciences. By assessing your knowledge, you'll better understand the vital role carbohydrates play in health and nutrition.