Podcast
Questions and Answers
A child frequently disrupts class by shouting out answers without raising their hand. The teacher decides to implement a differential reinforcement procedure. Which of the following strategies would be an example of DRA?
A child frequently disrupts class by shouting out answers without raising their hand. The teacher decides to implement a differential reinforcement procedure. Which of the following strategies would be an example of DRA?
- Rewarding the child with praise when they raise their hand and are called upon, instead of shouting out. (correct)
- Removing a desirable toy whenever the child shouts out in class.
- Allowing the child to leave class when they feel the urge to shout out.
- Ignoring the child's shouting and only providing attention when they are quiet for a set period.
A client engages in self-injurious behavior. A therapist decides to use DRO. Which of the following demonstrates the correct application of DRO?
A client engages in self-injurious behavior. A therapist decides to use DRO. Which of the following demonstrates the correct application of DRO?
- Reinforcing the client every time they engage in any behavior other than self-injury.
- Reinforcing the client at the end of a predetermined interval if self-injurious behavior did not occur during that interval. (correct)
- Reinforcing the client when they engage in a competing behavior, like squeezing a stress ball.
- Reinforcing the client for gradually reducing the intensity of their self-injurious behavior.
A student submits work late frequently. To address this, the teacher decides to use DRL. What is the MOST appropriate application of this procedure?
A student submits work late frequently. To address this, the teacher decides to use DRL. What is the MOST appropriate application of this procedure?
- Ignoring the student when submitting any late assignments.
- Providing reinforcement if the student submits no more than one assignment late per week. (correct)
- Reinforcing the student only when they submit all assignments for a week.
- Rewarding the student when they submit their work earlier than usual.
A behavior analyst is trying to determine the function of a client's aggressive behavior. They conduct an experimental functional analysis. What does this involve?
A behavior analyst is trying to determine the function of a client's aggressive behavior. They conduct an experimental functional analysis. What does this involve?
A child tantrums when asked to do chores. The parents give in to stop the tantrum. What type of reinforcement is maintaining the child's tantrum behavior?
A child tantrums when asked to do chores. The parents give in to stop the tantrum. What type of reinforcement is maintaining the child's tantrum behavior?
A person bites their nails, and this behavior increases during periods of stress. This nail-biting provides some relief from the anxiety. What type of reinforcement maintains the nail-biting?
A person bites their nails, and this behavior increases during periods of stress. This nail-biting provides some relief from the anxiety. What type of reinforcement maintains the nail-biting?
A rat presses a lever and receives a food pellet. After some time, the experimenter stops delivering pellets when the lever is pressed. Which of the following BEST describes what will likely occur?
A rat presses a lever and receives a food pellet. After some time, the experimenter stops delivering pellets when the lever is pressed. Which of the following BEST describes what will likely occur?
A therapist is using extinction to reduce a child's habit of interrupting during conversations. What is the MOST critical element for successful implementation of extinction in this scenario?
A therapist is using extinction to reduce a child's habit of interrupting during conversations. What is the MOST critical element for successful implementation of extinction in this scenario?
A teacher is teaching a student how to tie their shoelaces using behavioral chaining. They start by teaching the student to tighten the laces into a knot, and then gradually adds the previous steps working backwards to the beginning of the procedure. Which chaining procedure is the teacher using?
A teacher is teaching a student how to tie their shoelaces using behavioral chaining. They start by teaching the student to tighten the laces into a knot, and then gradually adds the previous steps working backwards to the beginning of the procedure. Which chaining procedure is the teacher using?
A technician is teaching an individual with developmental delays to assemble a burger. They teach each step in order from the first to the last (bun, patty, lettuce, tomato, bun). Which chaining method is being used?
A technician is teaching an individual with developmental delays to assemble a burger. They teach each step in order from the first to the last (bun, patty, lettuce, tomato, bun). Which chaining method is being used?
In behavioral chaining, what role does the completion of one step play in relation to the next step?
In behavioral chaining, what role does the completion of one step play in relation to the next step?
A speech therapist is working with a child to improve their pronunciation of the word "water". The therapist starts by reinforcing the child for saying any sound, then reinforces closer approximations (e.g., "wah"), and eventually only reinforces "water". What procedure is being used?
A speech therapist is working with a child to improve their pronunciation of the word "water". The therapist starts by reinforcing the child for saying any sound, then reinforces closer approximations (e.g., "wah"), and eventually only reinforces "water". What procedure is being used?
In the shaping process, what happens when an earlier approximation of a behavior is no longer reinforced?
In the shaping process, what happens when an earlier approximation of a behavior is no longer reinforced?
A researcher is conducting a functional assessment of a client's behavior. They interview the client's parents and teacher. Which type of functional assessment method is being used?
A researcher is conducting a functional assessment of a client's behavior. They interview the client's parents and teacher. Which type of functional assessment method is being used?
A child frequently elopes (runs away) from the classroom. A behavior analyst does an assessment and finds that eloping typically occurs when the teacher presents difficult math problems, and the child is then allowed to play in the hallway instead. What is MOST likely maintaining the eloping behavior?
A child frequently elopes (runs away) from the classroom. A behavior analyst does an assessment and finds that eloping typically occurs when the teacher presents difficult math problems, and the child is then allowed to play in the hallway instead. What is MOST likely maintaining the eloping behavior?
A child starts humming, and this leads to increased positive attention from peers in the form of smiles and interaction. What is maintaining the humming behavior?
A child starts humming, and this leads to increased positive attention from peers in the form of smiles and interaction. What is maintaining the humming behavior?
A person engages in hand-flapping, and this behavior is not influenced by any external social consequences. The person reports that it makes them feel good. What is maintaining the hand-flapping?
A person engages in hand-flapping, and this behavior is not influenced by any external social consequences. The person reports that it makes them feel good. What is maintaining the hand-flapping?
A client compulsively checks their email. A therapist using extinction would advise the client to do which of the following?
A client compulsively checks their email. A therapist using extinction would advise the client to do which of the following?
A teacher is using total task presentation to teach a student how to make a sandwich. What does this involve?
A teacher is using total task presentation to teach a student how to make a sandwich. What does this involve?
A behavior analyst is using ABC observation. What does the 'A' in ABC stand for?
A behavior analyst is using ABC observation. What does the 'A' in ABC stand for?
Flashcards
Concurrent Operants
Concurrent Operants
Two behaviors reinforced simultaneously.
DRA
DRA
Reinforces appropriate alternative behavior.
DRO
DRO
Reinforces the absence of problematic behavior during intervals.
DRL
DRL
Signup and view all the flashcards
Indirect Methods
Indirect Methods
Signup and view all the flashcards
ABC Observation
ABC Observation
Signup and view all the flashcards
Experimental Analysis
Experimental Analysis
Signup and view all the flashcards
Social Positive Reinforcement
Social Positive Reinforcement
Signup and view all the flashcards
Social Negative Reinforcement
Social Negative Reinforcement
Signup and view all the flashcards
Automatic Positive Reinforcement
Automatic Positive Reinforcement
Signup and view all the flashcards
Automatic Negative Reinforcement
Automatic Negative Reinforcement
Signup and view all the flashcards
Extinction
Extinction
Signup and view all the flashcards
Extinction Burst
Extinction Burst
Signup and view all the flashcards
Task Analysis
Task Analysis
Signup and view all the flashcards
Forward Chaining
Forward Chaining
Signup and view all the flashcards
Backward Chaining
Backward Chaining
Signup and view all the flashcards
Total Task Presentation
Total Task Presentation
Signup and view all the flashcards
Discriminative Stimulus (SD)
Discriminative Stimulus (SD)
Signup and view all the flashcards
Shaping
Shaping
Signup and view all the flashcards
Extinction in Shaping
Extinction in Shaping
Signup and view all the flashcards
Study Notes
- Concurrent Operants: Behaviors reinforced at the same time.
Differential Reinforcement Procedures
- DRA (Differential Reinforcement of Alternative Behavior): Reinforces appropriate alternative behavior.
- DRO (Differential Reinforcement of Other Behavior): Reinforces the absence of problematic behavior during intervals.
- DRL (Differential Reinforcement of Low Rates): Reinforces a behavior only when it occurs below a predetermined frequency.
Functional Assessment Methods
- Indirect Methods: Information gathered through interviews or questionnaires.
- Direct Observation (ABC Observation): Observation of antecedents, behavior, and consequences.
- Experimental Analysis (Functional Analysis): Antecedents/consequences are manipulated to demonstrate functional relationships.
Types of Reinforcement
- Social Positive Reinforcement: Reinforcement through attention or tangible rewards from others.
- Social Negative Reinforcement: Escape from aversive social interactions or demands.
- Automatic Positive Reinforcement: Positive Reinforcement via sensory stimulation from the behavior itself.
- Automatic Negative Reinforcement: Behavior reduces internal discomfort (e.g., anxiety reduction from substance use).
Extinction
- Definition: Withholding previously available reinforcement, reducing behavior.
- Consistency: Consistency across all environments is essential for effectiveness.
- Reinforcer Identification: Essential to remove the correct reinforcer.
- Extinction Burst: Temporary initial increase in behavior.
- Safety and Practicality: Important when implementing extinction.
Behavioral Chaining
- Task Analysis: Breaking complex behaviors into manageable steps.
- Forward Chaining: Steps are taught sequentially from first to last.
- Backward Chaining: Steps taught in reverse order, last step first.
- Total Task Presentation: The entire sequence is taught simultaneously each session.
- Discriminative Stimulus (SD): Each response acts as a stimulus for the next step in the chain.
Shaping
- Definition: Reinforcement of successive approximations towards a target behavior.
- Starting Behavior: Existing behavior or approximation of the target behavior.
- Extinction in Shaping: Used to stop reinforcement of earlier approximations and evoke a closer approximation.
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
