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Questions and Answers
What is the primary function of the muscles between the pectoral region, vertebrae, scapulae, and the upper limb?
Which of the following is NOT a component of the breast composition?
What is the primary function of the axillary lymph nodes groups?
Which of the following bones is NOT part of the pectoral region?
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What is the primary pathway for lymphatic drainage from the breast?
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Which muscle is not connected to the scapula?
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Which muscle is attached to the greater tuberosity of the humerus?
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Which muscle connects the upper limb to the scapula and is not part of the rotator cuff?
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Which muscle is part of the rotator cuff?
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Which muscle connects the upper limb to the pelvis?
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What is the origin of the abdominal head of the muscle?
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Which muscle connects the upper limb to the vertebral column and inserts into the medial border of the scapula?
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Which of the following is NOT a part of the sternocostal head of the muscle?
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Which of the following muscles does not connect the upper limb to the vertebral column?
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What is the insertion point of the muscle?
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Which muscle has a dual function of connecting the upper limb to the vertebral column and extending the shoulder joint?
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Which of the following muscles does NOT have a head that originates from the aponeurosis of the external oblique muscle?
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How many costal cartilages are associated with the sternocostal head of the muscle?
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Which of the following muscles is not a deep back muscle that connects the upper limb to the vertebral column?
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Which muscle connects the upper limb to the vertebral column and is responsible for downward rotation of the scapula?
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Which of the following is the primary route of breast cancer metastasis?
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What is the characteristic appearance of the skin in Peau D'orange?
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What is the most likely cause of a cyst (galactocoele) in the breast?
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What is the advantage of making radial incisions in breast cancer surgery?
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What is the underlying pathophysiological mechanism of Peau D'orange?
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Study Notes
Breast Cancer
- Most common form of cancer in women
- Spreads via lymphatics, vascular channels, and fibrous tissue
- Incisions are radial as ducts maintain a radial course
Cyst (Galactocele)
- May develop with blockade of a lactiferous duct
Peau D'Orange
- Pits of hair follicles appear to be retracted beneath the level of surrounding skin
- Blockage of lymphatic drainage of skin, leading to stagnation of lymph and oedema of skin
Pectoral Region and Breast
- Bones of the pectoral region: include sternum, scapulae, and upper limb
- Muscles between pectoral region, vertebrae, scapulae, and upper limb:
- Trapezius, Latissimus dorsi, Rhomboid major, Rhomboid minor
- Breast position, composition, blood supply, and lymphatic drainage with axillary lymph nodes groups
Muscles Connecting the Upper Limb to the Vertebral Column
- Trapezius, Latissimus dorsi, Rhomboid major, Rhomboid minor, Levator scapulae
- All of the above muscles insert into the medial border of the scapula except Latissimus dorsi
Muscles Connecting the Upper Limb to the Scapula
- Deltoid, Supraspinatus, infraspinatus, Teres major, Teres minor, Subscapularis
- All of the above muscles attach to the greater tuberosity of the humerus except Teres major
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Description
This quiz covers the anatomy of breast cancer, including its spread, incisions, and signs such as Peau D'orange. It's essential knowledge for medical professionals and students.
