Appendicular Skeleton Overview
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Questions and Answers

How many bones are found in the appendicular skeleton?

126 bones

What are the two main groups that the bones of the appendicular skeleton can be divided into?

Limb bones and girdle bones

What is the function of girdle bones?

They attach limb bones to the axial skeleton.

Which bones form the pectoral girdle?

<p>Clavicle and scapula</p> Signup and view all the answers

Name one specific feature of the scapula.

<p>Acromion</p> Signup and view all the answers

What structure is found at the proximal end of the humerus?

<p>The head</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the olecranon process?

<p>It forms the bony prominence of the elbow.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Identify one of the three types of phalanges found in the hand.

<p>Proximal phalanx</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the pelvic girdle contribute to the skeleton?

<p>It attaches the legs to the axial skeleton.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What connects the radius and ulna in the forearm?

<p>Interosseous membrane</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the sacroiliac joint in the pelvic girdle?

<p>The sacroiliac joint connects the sacrum to the ilium, providing stability and support to the pelvis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Identify two key structures located on the ilium.

<p>The iliac crest and the anterior superior iliac spine are two key structures of the ilium.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the pubic symphysis in the pelvis?

<p>The pubic symphysis serves as a cartilaginous joint that absorbs shock and allows slight movement between the pubic bones.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Describe the significance of the acetabulum in the hip joint.

<p>The acetabulum is a cup-shaped cavity that articulates with the head of the femur, forming the hip joint.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What differentiates the greater sciatic notch from the lesser sciatic notch?

<p>The greater sciatic notch is larger and serves as a pathway for nerves and vessels, while the lesser sciatic notch is smaller and has fewer structures passing through.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the structure of the femur contribute to its function?

<p>The femur's long shaft and angles allow it to withstand heavy loads while providing a strong lever for movement.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the tibial tuberosity?

<p>The tibial tuberosity serves as an attachment site for the patellar ligament, which is crucial for knee extension.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Name the lateral and medial borders of the knee joint.

<p>The lateral border is formed by the lateral epicondyle of the femur, while the medial border is formed by the medial epicondyle.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the calcaneus in the foot?

<p>The calcaneus serves as the heel bone, providing support and stability for weight-bearing activities.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Explain the arrangement of tarsal bones in the foot.

<p>The tarsal bones are arranged in two rows: the proximal row contains the talus and calcaneus, while the distal row includes the navicular, cuboid, and cuneiforms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Sacroiliac Joint

The articulation between the sacrum and the ilium, forming a strong joint that provides stability for the pelvis.

Sacrum

The large, triangular bone at the base of the spine, formed by the fusion of five vertebrae.

Pelvic Brim

The bony rim that surrounds the pelvic cavity, separating it from the abdominal cavity.

Pubic Symphysis

The joint that connects the two pubic bones at the front of the pelvis, providing flexibility for childbirth.

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Ilium

The large wing-shaped bone that forms the upper part of the hip bone.

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Iliac Crest

The upper margin of the ilium, serving as a point of muscle attachment.

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Iliac Spine

The bony prominence on the anterior and posterior sides of the ilium.

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Acetabulum

The socket on the hip bone that articulates with the head of the femur.

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Greater Trochanter

The large, bony prominence on the posterior side of the femur.

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Head of Femur

The rounded head of the femur that fits into the acetabulum.

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Appendicular Skeleton

The appendicular skeleton consists of 126 bones and includes the bones of the limbs and girdles.

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Girdle Bones

Girdle bones connect the limbs to the axial skeleton. Examples include the pectoral girdle (shoulder) and pelvic girdle.

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Pectoral Girdle

The pectoral girdle consists of the clavicle and scapula, connecting the upper limb to the thoracic cage.

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Scapula Features

The scapula (shoulder blade) has features like the acromion (connect to clavicle), coracoid process (muscle attachment), and glenoid fossa (where humerus fits).

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Humerus Anatomy

The humerus (arm bone) has several landmarks including the head (joins scapula), greater/lesser tubercles (muscle attachments), and epicondyles (elbow attachments).

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Radius and Ulna Anatomy

The radius and ulna (forearm bones) have distinct features like the olecranon process (ulna - elbow bump), radial tuberosity (radius - muscle attachment), and styloid processes (wrist attachments).

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Hand Bones

The hand consists of the carpals (wrist bones), metacarpals (palm bones), and phalanges (finger bones).

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Pelvic Girdle

The pelvic girdle connects the lower limbs to the axial skeleton. It includes the hip bones (ilium, ischium, pubis) that join to form the pelvis.

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Femur Anatomy

The femur (thigh bone) is the largest bone in the body. Features include the head (hip joint), greater trochanter, and condyles (knee joint attachments).

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Tibia & Fibula Anatomy

The tibia and fibula (lower leg bones) have specific features. The tibia bears weight, has condyles (knee joint), and a medial malleolus (ankle). The fibula is thin and has a lateral malleolus (ankle).

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Study Notes

Appendicular Skeleton Overview

  • The appendicular skeleton consists of 126 bones.
  • These bones are divided into two groups: limb bones and girdle bones.
  • Girdle bones connect limb bones to the axial skeleton.
  • Pectoral girdle (shoulder bones) attaches the upper limb to the thoracic cage.
  • Pelvic girdle (hip bones) connects the lower limbs to the axial skeleton.

Pectoral Girdle

  • The pectoral girdle comprises the clavicle and scapula.
  • The clavicle connects the sternum to the scapula.
  • The scapula is a flat, triangular bone that articulates with the clavicle and humerus.
  • Important features of the scapula include the acromion, coracoid process, and glenoid cavity.

Upper Limb

  • The upper limb consists of the humerus, ulna, radius, carpals, metacarpals, and phalanges.
  • The humerus is the upper arm bone.
  • The ulna and radius are the forearm bones.
  • The carpals are the wrist bones.
  • The metacarpals form the hand's palm.
  • The phalanges form the fingers.

Pelvic Girdle

  • The pelvic girdle consists of two hip bones, each formed from three fused bones: ilium, ischium, and pubis.
  • The hip bones articulate with the sacrum to form the sacroiliac joint.
  • The hip bones bear the weight of the upper body and connect the lower limbs to the axial skeleton.

Lower Limb

  • The lower limb consists of the femur, patella, tibia, fibula, tarsals, metatarsals, and phalanges.
  • The femur is the thigh bone.
  • The patella is the kneecap.
  • The tibia and fibula are the lower leg bones.
  • The tarsals are the ankle bones.
  • The metatarsals form the foot's sole.
  • The phalanges form the toes.
  • The foot is composed of tarsal, metatarsal, and phalangeal bones.
  • Important bones in the foot include the talus, calcaneus, cuboid, and navicular.
  • The tarsals are the bones of the ankle region.
  • The metatarsals form the midfoot region.
  • Phalanges (toes) form the distal part of the foot.

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Appendicular Skeleton Worksheet - Human Anatomy PDF

Description

This quiz covers the appendicular skeleton, including the bones that make up the limbs and girdles. You'll learn about the pectoral girdle, upper lim bones, and their connections to the axial skeleton. Test your knowledge of bone structure and their functions.

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