Questions and Answers
What is the primary function of the appendicular skeleton?
Its primary function is movement.
How many bones are there in the appendicular skeleton?
126
Which bones make up the pectoral girdle?
Clavicle and scapula
What is another name for the clavicle?
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The medial end of the clavicle, called the sternal end, articulates with the manubrium of the sternum to form the __________.
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What articulates with the acromion of the scapula?
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Where is the conoid tubercle located?
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What is the scapula commonly referred to as?
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Which of the following are features of the scapula? (Select all that apply)
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What depression accepts the head of the humerus to form the shoulder joint?
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The thin edge of the scapula closer to the vertebral column is called the medial (__________) border.
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The thick edge of the scapula closer to the arm is called the lateral (__________) border.
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Which bone is known as the longest and largest bone of the free upper limb?
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What features does the humerus possess? (Select all that apply)
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What part of the ulna forms the prominence of the elbow?
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What is the radius known for in relation to its position?
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Study Notes
Function of the Appendicular Skeleton
- Primarily facilitates movement.
- Comprises bones of the upper and lower limbs.
- Girdles connect limbs to the axial skeleton.
Structure and Amount of Bones
- Total of 126 bones in the appendicular skeleton.
- Upper Limb:
- Pectoral girdle: 2 clavicles, 2 scapulae.
- Free upper limbs: 2 humeri, 2 ulnae, 2 radii, 16 carpals, 10 metacarpals, 28 phalanges.
- Lower Limb:
- Pelvic girdle: 2 hip (pelvic or coxal) bones.
- Free lower limbs: 2 femora, 2 patellae, 2 fibulae, 2 tibiae, 14 tarsals, 10 metatarsals, 28 phalanges.
Pectoral Girdle and Free Upper Limb
- Pectoral girdle consists of the clavicle and scapula.
- Each upper limb includes humerus, ulna, radius, carpals, metacarpals, and phalanges.
Clavicle Basics
- Known as the collarbone.
Clavicle Features
- Sternoclavicular joint connects the sternal end of the clavicle with the sternum.
- Acromial end articulates with the scapula at the acromioclavicular joint.
- Conoid tubercle serves as an attachment for the conoid ligament.
Scapula Overview
- Also referred to as the shoulder blade; triangular and flat.
- Features a prominent ridge on the posterior surface.
Scapula Surface Features
- Spine runs diagonally across the posterior surface.
- Acromion is the expanded lateral end of the spine.
- Coracoid process is a projection for muscle attachment.
- Glenoid cavity articulates with the humerus to form the shoulder joint.
- Medial, lateral, and superior borders with associated angles and fossae.
Humerus Overview
- The longest and largest bone in the free upper limb.
Humerus Surface Features
- Key structures include the head, anatomical neck, greater and lesser tubercles, intertubercular sulcus, surgical neck, body, and several fossae.
Humerus Head
- Articulates with the glenoid cavity of the scapula for shoulder joint formation.
Additional Humerus Features
- Anatomical neck appears as an oblique groove distal to the head.
- Greater tubercle is the most laterally palpable bone in the shoulder region.
Arm Bone Features
- Surgical neck, a common fracture site, is located just distal to the tubercles.
- Coronoid fossa accepts the coronoid process of the ulna when the forearm is flexed.
- Olecranon fossa accepts the olecranon of the ulna during forearm extension.
Ulna Overview
- Thick and notched at the proximal end; tapers distally.
Ulna Surface Features
- Features include olecranon, coronoid process, trochlear notch, and styloid process.
Ulna Important Features
- Olecranon forms the elbow's prominence.
- Trochlear notch interacts with the trochlea of the humerus to form part of the elbow joint.
Radius Overview
- Shorter than the ulna and located on the thumb side of the forearm.
Radius Surface Features
- Head articulates with the capitulum of the humerus and the radial notch of the ulna.
- Key features are radial tuberosity, styloid process, and interosseous tissue.
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Description
This quiz covers the key functions and structures of the appendicular skeleton. You will learn about the bones in the upper and lower limbs as well as the girdles that connect them to the axial skeleton. Test your knowledge on the composition and importance of the appendicular skeleton.
