18 Questions
What is the term used to describe the end of the muscle that is attached to the bone it moves?
Insertion
What is the primary cause of muscular atrophy according to the passage?
Lack of nerve supply
What is the key difference between skeletal muscles and smooth muscles?
All of the above
Which type of muscular dystrophy is described as the most severe and common hereditary form?
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD)
Which muscle type is responsible for the contraction of the heart wall?
Cardiac muscle
What is the term used to describe a muscle that bends a joint and brings a limb closer to the body?
Flexor
Which system is responsible for skin diseases and disorders like Acne and Eczema?
Integumentary System
What skin condition involves itchy rashes and is related to allergies?
Hives
What type of muscle contraction is involuntary, strong, and rhythmical?
Cardiac muscle contraction
Which type of muscles must be stimulated by nerves to operate?
Skeletal muscles
What are areas of discolored and/or raised skin that are apparent at birth or within a few weeks of birth called?
Birthmarks
Which system is primarily responsible for connecting bones and providing stability to joints?
Muscular System
Which of the following is the main function of ligaments?
To hold bones together and keep them in place
What is the difference between the axial skeleton and the appendicular skeleton?
The axial skeleton is made up of bones in the head, neck, and trunk, while the appendicular skeleton is made up of bones in the arms and legs.
Which of the following is NOT a disorder of the skeletal system mentioned in the text?
Muscular dystrophy
What is the primary function of the axial skeleton?
To maintain the upright posture and transmit weight
Which of the following statements about the human skeleton is NOT true?
The human skeleton is an exoskeleton, providing external protection.
What is the primary function of the bones of the spine?
To be supported by ligaments
Study Notes
Muscle System
- Muscular atrophy: decrease in size and wasting of muscle tissue, can occur due to loss of nerve supply, and is common with aging (20-40% muscle loss and strength reduction).
- Flexor: muscle that bends a joint and brings a limb closer to the body.
- Extensor: muscle that straightens a joint and brings a limb away from the body.
Smooth Muscle
- Non-striated, involuntary muscles without striations.
- Do not require direct nerve stimulation to operate.
- Found in the walls of hollow organs, such as the digestive tract.
Muscular Dystrophy
- A group of genetic diseases causing progressive weakness and degeneration of skeletal muscles.
- Over 30 types, varying in age of onset, severity, and affected muscles.
- Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD): one of the most severe forms, inherited, and the most common hereditary neuromuscular disease.
Organ Systems
- Integumentary System
- Muscular System
- Skeletal System
- Digestive System
- Respiratory System
- Circulatory System
- Reproductive System
- Excretory System
- Nervous System
- Endocrine System
Skin Diseases and Disorders
- Acne: clogged or plugged hair follicles, resulting in red bumps on the skin.
- Bacterial infections: skin infections caused by bacteria.
- Birthmarks: areas of discolored and/or raised skin present at birth or within a few weeks of birth.
- Eczema and Hives: itchy skin rashes related to allergies.
- Fungal infections: skin diseases caused by fungi.
- Skin cancer
- Viral infection
Skeletal System
- Axial skeleton: formed by the bones of the head, neck, and trunk (80 bones).
- Appendicular skeleton: formed by the bones of the arms and legs.
- Ligaments: strong bands of flexible tissue that hold bones together.
Disorders of Skeletal System
- Arthritis: inflammation of the joints.
- Bone Cancer
- Bursitis
- Kyphosis
- Leukemia
- Osteoporosis
- Poliomyelitis
- Scoliosis
- Spina bifida
- Talipes equinovarus (clubfoot)
Test your knowledge on the appendicular and axial skeleton, ligaments, and common disorders of the skeletal system like arthritis, osteoporosis, and scoliosis. Understand how bones in the upper and lower limbs are connected to the shoulder and pelvic girdles.
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