Aphid-Transmitted Plant Viruses
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Questions and Answers

What are the most common vectors for the transmission of plant viruses?

Insects, mites, nematodes, and protists.

What is the significance of aphids in the transmission of plant viruses?

Aphids account for the transmission of 50% of the insect-vectored viruses and are exquisitely designed for their roles as vectors.

How do aphid populations contribute to the spread of plant viruses?

Aphid populations can increase at extraordinarily high rates due to asexual reproduction, potentiating disease epidemics and furthering the spread of viruses.

Why is a greater understanding of the mechanisms behind the transmission process important in the study of plant viruses?

<p>A greater understanding of mechanisms behind the transmission process is important in determining how forces have played a role in shaping the evolution of plant viruses.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the CP translational readthrough protein in aphid transmission of plant viruses?

<p>It appears to be required for aphid transmission and may play a role in vector specificity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of symbionin in aphid transmission of plant viruses?

<p>Symbionin is hypothesized to be an essential factor in transmission functioning to stabilize virions in the aphid haemolymph.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do umbraviruses achieve aphid transmission competence?

<p>They achieve aphid transmission competence by associating with luteoviruses in plants dually infected by both viruses. The luteovirus helper virus contributes to the transmission of the umbravirus by encapsidating the latter’s genomes with its CP.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between circulative propagative plant viruses and circulative nonpropagative viruses in terms of their interaction with aphids?

<p>The primary difference is that once an infection in the aphid has been established, the association remains permanent for the rest of the life of the insect and virus may be transmitted to offspring through a transovarial route.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which virus families with aphid-transmitted members may not be represented if the role of a helper virus is unclear?

<p>Potyviruses and Sobemovirus families</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary determinant of aphid transmissibility and specificity in plant viruses?

<p>Viral capsid protein</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of helper component (HC) proteins in potyviruses in relation to aphid transmission?

<p>They function as a bridge, mediating the binding of virions in the stylet of the aphid vector</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does aphid transmission of plant viruses occur?

<p>When an aphid feeds on an infected plant and then feeds on an uninfected plant</p> Signup and view all the answers

Explain the transmission strategy of cauliflower mosaic virus by aphids.

<p>Cauliflower mosaic virus adopts a helper-dependent transmission strategy, requiring two viral-encoded nonstructural proteins, P2 and P3.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the well-characterized examples of semipersistent, aphid-transmitted viruses?

<p>Caulimoviruses and closteroviruses are well-characterized examples of semipersistent, aphid-transmitted viruses.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a prominent feature of luteovirus transmission?

<p>Vector specificity is a prominent feature of luteovirus transmission, with compatible interactions between virions and factors in the aphid determining transmission.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What determines vector specificity in luteoviruses?

<p>The CP (capsid protein) is a primary determinant of transmission for circulative, nonpropagatively vectored viruses, and it also determines vector specificity in luteoviruses.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Explain the significance of the large number of potyviruses in 2000, and how it relates to aphid-transmitted plant viruses.

<p>The large number of potyviruses in 2000, with 91 definitive and 88 tentative potyviruses, indicates their significance in the context of aphid-transmitted plant viruses. This suggests that potyviruses are prevalent and important in the transmission dynamics of aphid-vectored plant viruses.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Describe the unique features of aphid vectors that contribute to their success as virus vectors.

<p>Aphid vectors mainly belong to the subfamily Aphidinae and possess unique features such as the ability to feed on a wide range of plant hosts, rapid reproduction, and a needle-like stylet for virus delivery. These features contribute to their success as virus vectors.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Differentiate between circulative nonpropagative and circulative propagative viruses in the vector, and provide examples of each.

<p>Circulative viruses are classified as circulative nonpropagative or circulative propagative, depending on whether the acquired virus replicates within the vector. An example of circulative nonpropagative virus is Tomato spotted wilt virus, and an example of circulative propagative virus is Potato leafroll virus.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Explain the characteristics of nonpersistent virus transmission among aphid-vectored plant viruses, and give an example.

<p>Nonpersistent virus transmission is characterized by short acquisition and inoculation times, with aphids remaining viruliferous for short periods. An example of a nonpersistent virus is Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), which is transmitted by aphids in a nonpersistent manner.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Aphid-Transmitted Plant Viruses

  • Table 1 includes aphid-transmitted plant viruses from all plant virus families, with a large number of virus species in the genus Potyvirus.
  • In 2000, there were 91 definitive and 88 tentative potyviruses, indicating their significance.
  • Aphid vectors mainly belong to the subfamily Aphidinae, with unique features contributing to their success as virus vectors.
  • Aphid vectors can feed on a wide range of plant hosts, reproduce rapidly, and possess a needle-like stylet for virus delivery.
  • The feeding behavior and host plant selection of aphids influence their potential as virus vectors.
  • Understanding the spread and control of viral diseases requires an understanding of the vector and its behavior.
  • The mode of virus transmission distinguishes between circulative and noncirculative viruses in the vector.
  • Circulative viruses are further classified as circulative nonpropagative or circulative propagative, depending on whether the acquired virus replicates within the vector.
  • Noncirculative transmission, the majority among aphid-vectored plant viruses, consists of nonpersistent or semipersistent virus transmission.
  • Nonpersistent virus transmission is characterized by short acquisition and inoculation times, with aphids remaining viruliferous for short periods.
  • Table 1 provides examples of aphid-transmitted plant viruses from different families, organized by their modes of transmission.
  • The number of definitive species in the indicated genera is described in Virus Taxonomy: Seventh Report of the International Committee on the Taxonomy of Viruses.

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Explore the characteristics of aphid-transmitted plant viruses and the role of aphid vectors in virus transmission. Learn about the different modes of virus transmission and the significance of potyviruses in the context of plant viral diseases.

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