APC/C Regulation and Cell Cycle Control

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What is the main target of APC/CCDH1?

Emi1

Mitotic cyclins (correct)

S-phase cyclins

CDK

What is the function of SCF in the cell cycle?

To inhibit CDK activity

To promote entry into S-phase by degrading inhibitors of S-phase cyclins (correct)

To regulate the metaphase to anaphase transition

To degrade mitotic cyclins

What is the role of Emi1 in regulating APC/C?

It degrades CDH1

It phosphorylates CDK

It inhibits APC/Ccdc20 (correct)

It activates APC/Ccdc20

What is the result of APC/C-mediated degradation of mitotic cyclins?

Inactivation of CDK Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the Origin Recognition Complex (ORC) in the cell cycle?

To bind replication origins Signup and view all the answers

How do SCF and APC/C regulate each other?

SCF and APC/C regulate each other's activity Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of APC/C when bound to CDC20?

Triggering Metaphase to Anaphase transition Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of Cohesin in the cell cycle?

To hold sister chromatids together Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of Separase?

To cleave Cohesion complex Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of SCF in the cell cycle?

Regulating G1-S phase and G2-M transitions Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of APC/C when bound to CDH1?

Triggering Anaphase to Telophase transition Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of E3 ligase complexes in the cell cycle?

To regulate cell cycle transitions Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of CDKs in the cell cycle?

To phosphorylate a wide variety of substrates at each stage Signup and view all the answers

During which phase of the cell cycle is cyclin abundance increased through transcription and reduced through degradation?

All phases Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of ubiquitination complexes in the cell cycle?

To target proteins for degradation Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of a CDK substrate?

Nuclear lamina Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the anaphase-promoting complex (APC/C) in the cell cycle?

To target mitotic cyclin for degradation Signup and view all the answers

During which phase of the cell cycle do cells prepare to divide?

G2 phase Signup and view all the answers

The polyubiquitination and subsequent degradation of mitotic ______ will render CDK inactive and trigger exit from mitosis.

cyclins Signup and view all the answers

[Blank] phosphorylate and activate DNA replication factors (MCM, Cdt1..) which triggers formation of DNA replication forks.

S-phase Cyclins Signup and view all the answers

During S and G2 ______ inhibits APC/Ccdc20.

Emi1 Signup and view all the answers

In anaphase ______ is activated by no longer interacting with Mad2, Bub1, and Bub3.

APC/Ccdc20 Signup and view all the answers

SCF promotes entry into S-phase by degrading ______ of S-phase cyclins.

inhibitors Signup and view all the answers

In metaphase ______ remains inactive.

APC/Ccdh1 Signup and view all the answers

The ______ phase is a short period where cells prepare to divide.

G2 Signup and view all the answers

CDKs phosphorylate a wide variety of ______ that are different in each stage.

substrates Signup and view all the answers

Cyclin abundance is increased through ______ and reduced through degradation.

transcription Signup and view all the answers

CDK activity is inhibited by ______ of CDK inhibitory proteins.

activation Signup and view all the answers

Nuclear Lamina is an example of a ______ substrate.

CDK Signup and view all the answers

Cyclin-dependent kinases are major drivers of the ______ cycle.

cell Signup and view all the answers

Sic1 is not present, ______ CDK can trigger DNA replication

S-phase Signup and view all the answers

E3 ligase complexes, such as SCF and ______, regulate the cell cycle

APC/C Signup and view all the answers

During ______, Kinetochores connect the centromeres of each sister chromatides with the microtubules of the mitotic spindle

metaphase Signup and view all the answers

APC/C binds ______ which triggers polyubiquitination of Securin, the inhibitor of Separase

CDC20 Signup and view all the answers

Sister chromatids are held together by ______, a protein ring complex that loads onto chromosomes before replication

Cohesin Signup and view all the answers

APC/C also binds ______ and phosphorylate a wide variety of targets that will trigger telophase and cytokinesis

CDH1 Signup and view all the answers

Match the following cell cycle regulators with their corresponding functions:

SCF = Promotes entry into S-phase by degrading inhibitors of S-phase cyclins APC/C = Regulates exit from mitosis by degrading mitotic cyclins CDK = Phosphorylates and activates DNA replication factors Emi1 = Inhibits APC/Ccdc20 during S and G2 phases Signup and view all the answers

Match the following cell cycle regulators with their corresponding substrates:

SCF = Sic1 (in yeast) and RB, p21, p27 (in humans) APC/C = Mitotic cyclins CDK = DNA replication factors (MCM, Cdt1) E3 ligase complexes = CDK inhibitory proteins Signup and view all the answers

Match the following cell cycle phases with their corresponding events:

S-phase = CDK phosphorylates and activates DNA replication factors G2 = Mitotic cyclins keep other factors inactive Metaphase = APC/Ccdc20 is activated by no longer interacting with Mad2, Bub1, and Bub3 Anaphase = APC/Ccdh1 is activated and triggers exit from mitosis Signup and view all the answers

Match the following CDK regulators with their corresponding mechanisms:

CDK inhibitors = Inhibits CDK activity by binding to CDK Phosphorylation = Activates CDK by phosphorylating its targets Ubiquitination = Degrades CDK inhibitory proteins SCF = Degrades CDK inhibitory proteins Signup and view all the answers

Match the following cell cycle regulators with their corresponding phase specificity:

APC/Ccdc20 = Active during metaphase and anaphase APC/Ccdh1 = Active during anaphase and telophase Emi1 = Active during S and G2 phases SCF = Active during S-phase Signup and view all the answers

Match the following cell cycle regulators with their corresponding targets:

APC/Ccdc20 = Mitotic cyclins APC/Ccdh1 = Mitotic cyclins SCF = Inhibitors of S-phase cyclins CDK = DNA replication factors Signup and view all the answers

Match the following CDK inhibitors with their mode of action:

Sic1 = Inhibits CDK activity by binding to CDK Emi1 = Inhibits APC/C-mediated degradation of mitotic cyclins Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitory proteins = Phosphorylation and inhibition of CDK activity Securin = Inhibits Separase activity Signup and view all the answers

Match the following cell cycle phases with their corresponding CDK substrates:

G1-S phase = MCM, Cdt1 S-phase = DNA replication factors G2-M phase = Nuclear Lamina M-phase = Mitotic cyclins Signup and view all the answers

Match the following E3 ligase complexes with their cell cycle phase specificity:

SCF = Metaphase to Anaphase transition APC/C = G1-S phase and G2-M transitions Signup and view all the answers

Match the following CDK regulators with their function:

Cyclin = Increases CDK activity CDK inhibitory proteins = Decreases CDK activity Emi1 = Inhibits APC/C-mediated degradation of mitotic cyclins APC/C = Triggers telophase and cytokinesis Signup and view all the answers

Match the following CDK substrates with their phase of regulation:

DNA replication factors = S-phase Mitotic cyclins = M-phase Nuclear Lamina = G2-M phase Cohesin = Metaphase to Anaphase transition Signup and view all the answers

Match the following CDK inhibition mechanisms with their corresponding inhibitors:

Phosphorylation and inhibition of CDK activity = Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitory proteins Inhibits APC/C-mediated degradation of mitotic cyclins = Emi1 Inhibits CDK activity by binding to CDK = Sic1 Inhibits Separase activity = Securin Signup and view all the answers

Match the following CDK substrates with their functions in the cell cycle:

Nuclear Lamina = Sustains and supports the nuclear membrane Cyclin = Regulates CDK activity MCM = Phosphorylated to activate DNA replication Cdt1 = Inhibits CDK activity Signup and view all the answers

Match the following cell cycle phases with the primary events that occur during each phase:

G1 = Cells grow in size and prepare for DNA replication S = DNA replication occurs G2 = Cells prepare to divide Mitosis = Cell division occurs Signup and view all the answers

Match the following CDK regulation mechanisms with their functions:

Transcription activation = Increases cyclin abundance Protein degradation = Decreases cyclin abundance Transcription inhibition = Decreases cyclin abundance Protein phosphorylation = Activates or inhibits CDK activity Signup and view all the answers

Match the following CDK inhibitors with their mechanisms of action:

Sic1 = Inhibits CDK activity by binding to CDK SCF = Promotes degradation of CDK inhibitors APC/C = Regulates CDK activity by degrading mitotic cyclins Emi1 = Inhibits APC/C activity Signup and view all the answers

Match the following cell cycle regulators with their functions:

Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) = Major drivers of the cell cycle Cyclins = Regulate CDK activity Ubiquitination complexes = Regulate protein degradation E3 ligase complexes = Regulate CDK activity Signup and view all the answers

Match the following cell cycle phases with the specific CDK substrates that are phosphorylated during each phase:

G1 = Nuclear Lamina S = MCM and Cdt1 G2 = Cyclin Mitosis = Securin Signup and view all the answers