AP2 LAB: Blood Flashcards

Questions and Answers

Where are the antigens related to the ABO blood group located?

on the red blood cell membrane.

The D antigen related to the Rh factor is present in about ______ of Americans.

85 %

What blood type is considered the universal donor within the ABO blood group?

What blood type is considered the universal recipient within the ABO blood group?

AB Signup and view all the answers

When could hemolytic disease of the newborn be a concern?

when an Rh-positive fetus and an Rh-negative mother condition occur. Signup and view all the answers

Blood type B is the most common blood type found in the United States population.

False Signup and view all the answers

An individual with blood type O lacks both RBC antigens A and B.

True Signup and view all the answers

What does blood typing involve identifying?

protein substances called antigens present in red blood cell membranes. Signup and view all the answers

How is it determined which antigens are present in blood typing?

a blood sample is mixed with blood typing sera that contains known types of antibodies. Signup and view all the answers

What occurs if a particular antibody contacts a corresponding antigen?

agglutination (red blood cells clump together). Signup and view all the answers

What is a cross matching test?

small samples of the blood from the donor and the recipient are mixed to be sure clumping does NOT create a transfusion reaction. Signup and view all the answers

About what percentage of Americans have the D antigen, which is considered to be Rh+?

85% Signup and view all the answers

Match the following blood types with their corresponding information:

Blood Type A = Antigens: A, Antibodies: Anti-B, Preferred Donor: A, O, Incompatible: B, AB, % in USA: 40% Blood Type B = Antigens: B, Antibodies: Anti-A, Preferred Donor: B, O, Incompatible: A, AB, % in USA: 10% Blood Type AB = Antigens: A & B, Antibodies: none, Preferred Donor: AB, O, A, B, Incompatible: none, % in USA: 4% Blood Type O = Antigens: neither, Antibodies: both anti A/B, Preferred Donor: O, Incompatible: A, B, AB, % in USA: 46% Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Blood Group Antigens

ABO blood group antigens are located on red blood cell membranes.
Type O blood is the universal donor due to the absence of A and B antigens.
Type AB blood is the universal recipient since it has both A and B antigens, allowing it to accept all blood types.

Rh Factor

Approximately 85% of Americans have the D antigen, indicating they are Rh-positive.
Hemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN) concerns arise when an Rh-negative mother carries an Rh-positive fetus.

Blood Type Characteristics

Blood Type A:
- Antigens: A
- Antibodies: Anti-B
- Preferred Donor: A, O
- Incompatible: B, AB
- Prevalence: 40% in the USA
Blood Type B:
- Antigens: B
- Antibodies: Anti-A
- Preferred Donor: B, O
- Incompatible: A, AB
- Prevalence: 10% in the USA
Blood Type AB:
- Antigens: A & B
- Antibodies: none
- Preferred Donor: AB, O, A, B
- Incompatible: none
- Prevalence: 4% in the USA
Blood Type O:
- Antigens: neither A nor B
- Antibodies: both Anti-A and Anti-B
- Preferred Donor: O
- Incompatible: A, B, AB
- Prevalence: 46% in the USA

Blood Typing Process

Blood typing identifies antigens using blood samples mixed with typing sera containing known antibodies.
Agglutination occurs when a specific antibody interacts with its corresponding antigen, causing red blood cells to clump.
Cross-matching tests check compatibility by mixing small blood samples from donor and recipient to prevent transfusion reactions.

True/False Statements

Type B is not the most common blood type in the US; Type O is.
Individuals with blood type O lack both A and B antigens.

Description

Test your knowledge on blood types and their characteristics with these flashcards. Learn about the ABO blood group, Rh factor, and the universal donor and recipient. Perfect for AP biology students preparing for their exams.