AP World History Unit 1 Review

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Questions and Answers

What are Nomads?

People who move from place to place in search of food (correct)
People with a permanent home
People who live in cities
People who engage in agriculture

What type of society is a Pastoral Society?

A society in which food is obtained primarily by raising and taking care of animals.

What is a foraging society?

Any human culture or society that depends on a combination of hunting, fishing, and gathering wild foods for subsistence.

What is domestication?

The taming of animals for human use, such as work or as food. Signup and view all the answers

What does food surplus mean?

Extra food creation that allows people to engage in activities besides farming. Signup and view all the answers

What is job specialization?

A job composed of a small part of a larger task or process. Signup and view all the answers

What is barter?

Exchange goods without involving money. Signup and view all the answers

What is a civilization?

A society in an advanced state of social development, with complex legal, political, and religious organizations. Signup and view all the answers

What is polytheism?

Belief in multiple gods. Signup and view all the answers

What is a ziggurat?

A rectangular tiered temple or terraced mound erected by the ancient Assyrians and Babylonians. Signup and view all the answers

What was the Code of Hammurabi?

A collection of 282 laws, one of the first examples of written law in the ancient world. Signup and view all the answers

What is cuneiform?

An ancient wedge-shaped script used in Mesopotamia and Persia. Signup and view all the answers

What is The Epic of Gilgamesh?

The first written document/story taking place in Mesopotamia that includes themes of immortality and a flood story. Signup and view all the answers

Who is a Pharaoh?

A king of ancient Egypt, considered a god as well as a political and military leader. Signup and view all the answers

What are hieroglyphics?

An ancient Egyptian writing system using picture symbols for ideas or sounds. Signup and view all the answers

What is monotheism?

Belief in a single God. Signup and view all the answers

Who was Akhenaten?

Egyptian Pharaoh who built a new capital at Amarna and fostered a religious revolution. Signup and view all the answers

What are Harrapa and Mohenjo-Daro?

The largest Indus River civilizations with organized sewage systems and public wells. Signup and view all the answers

Who are the Aryans?

Nomads from Europe and Asia who migrated to India and settled, leading to the development of the caste system. Signup and view all the answers

Who are the Dravidians?

One of the main groups of people in India, possibly descended from the Indus River culture. Signup and view all the answers

What is Dharma in Hinduism?

The duties and obligations of each caste. Signup and view all the answers

What are the Vedas?

Ancient Sanskrit writings that are the earliest sacred texts of Hinduism. Signup and view all the answers

Who is Chandragupta Maurya?

Founder of the Maurya dynasty and established the first empire in the Indian subcontinent. Signup and view all the answers

What is the caste system?

A social structure in which classes are determined by heredity. Signup and view all the answers

Who are Brahmins?

Priests at the top of the caste system which the Aryans established. Signup and view all the answers

Who are Untouchables?

The lowest class of people in the caste system of Hinduism, doing all the dirty work of society. Signup and view all the answers

What are Varnas?

The social divisions of Aryan society that include priests, rulers, farmers, and workers. Signup and view all the answers

What is Karma?

The effects of a person's actions that determine his destiny in his next incarnation. Signup and view all the answers

What is Reincarnation?

The doctrine that a person may be reborn into various classes of living beings depending on their actions. Signup and view all the answers

What is Moksha?

The Hindu concept of the spirit's liberation from the endless cycle of rebirths. Signup and view all the answers

What is Nirvana?

The beatitude that transcends the cycle of reincarnation. Signup and view all the answers

Who is Siddhartha Gautama?

Founder of Buddhism; born a prince. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Key Concepts in Early Civilizations

Nomads: Groups without permanent dwellings, migrating in search of food.
Pastoral Society: Relies primarily on animal husbandry for sustenance.
Foraging Society: Collects food through hunting, fishing, and gathering.
Domestication: Process of taming animals for human utility, including labor and food.

Food Surplus: Extra food production enables diversification of tasks beyond agriculture.
Job Specialization: Tasks broken down into smaller roles, enhancing efficiency and expertise.
Barter: Trade system where goods are exchanged directly without currency.
Caste System: Social hierarchy in which status is inherited, influencing roles and responsibilities.

Religious Beliefs and Practices

Monotheism: Worship of a single deity, contrasting with polytheism, the belief in multiple gods.
Polytheism: Practice of worshiping numerous gods.
Dharma: Set of duties and responsibilities specific to each caste in Hinduism.
Karma: Concept in Hinduism and Buddhism where actions influence one's future reincarnation.

Important Historical Texts and Symbols

Code of Hammurabi: One of the earliest codified legal systems consisting of 282 laws.
Cuneiform: Ancient writing system characterized by wedge-shaped marks, predominant in Mesopotamia.
The Epic of Gilgamesh: An early piece of literature exploring themes of immortality and mortality.
Vedas: Sacred texts of Hinduism, written in ancient Sanskrit, outlining spiritual knowledge.

Influential Figures and Civilizations

Pharaoh: Monarch of ancient Egypt worshiped as a divine figure alongside political authority.
Akhenaten: Egyptian pharaoh known for promoting worship of the sun-disk and reforming art.
Chandragupta Maurya: Established the first centralized empire in India, marking a significant political shift.
Siddhartha Gautama: Founder of Buddhism, who sought enlightenment and universal truths.

Early Civilizations and Their Contributions

Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro: Major urban centers of the Indus Valley Civilization, known for advanced infrastructure.
Aryans: Nomadic tribes that migrated to India, contributing to the development of the caste system.
Dravidians: Inhabitants of the Indus Valley, believed to be among the earliest peoples of India.

Philosophical Concepts

Reincarnation: The cycle of rebirth influenced by karma; the soul's journey through various forms.
Moksha: Liberation from the cycle of rebirths in Hindu philosophy.
Nirvana: State of transcendent happiness achieved in Buddhism, breaking the cycle of reincarnation.

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This quiz focuses on key concepts from Unit 1 of AP World History, including definitions of nomads, pastoral societies, and foraging societies. It is designed to help you understand the foundational aspects of early human cultures and their lifestyles. Perfect for review or study sessions!