Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the modern city that Tenochtitlán corresponds to?
What is the modern city that Tenochtitlán corresponds to?
Mexico City
Who invaded the Incan heartland?
Who invaded the Incan heartland?
Pizarro
What were the Spanish who came to the Americas to conquer known as?
What were the Spanish who came to the Americas to conquer known as?
conquistadors
What is a resistance to a disease called?
What is a resistance to a disease called?
Which of the following diseases was NOT one of the particularly devastating ones for Native Americans?
Which of the following diseases was NOT one of the particularly devastating ones for Native Americans?
What is a war fought between groups of people in the same nation called?
What is a war fought between groups of people in the same nation called?
What did both Cortés and Pizarro encounter?
What did both Cortés and Pizarro encounter?
How did the Aztecs treat conquered peoples?
How did the Aztecs treat conquered peoples?
How did Malinche help Cortés?
How did Malinche help Cortés?
What happened after Inca leader Atahualpa was kidnapped by the Spanish?
What happened after Inca leader Atahualpa was kidnapped by the Spanish?
Who urged the importation of workers from Africa and later regretted it?
Who urged the importation of workers from Africa and later regretted it?
Through what treaty did Portugal claim Brazil?
Through what treaty did Portugal claim Brazil?
What were representatives in the Americas who ruled in the Spanish king's name called?
What were representatives in the Americas who ruled in the Spanish king's name called?
What crop made the West Indies profitable?
What crop made the West Indies profitable?
What was the right to land and Native American labor that was granted to a conquistador called?
What was the right to land and Native American labor that was granted to a conquistador called?
What were pirates who had the approval of European governments known as?
What were pirates who had the approval of European governments known as?
At the top of Spanish colonial society were people born in Spain, called?
At the top of Spanish colonial society were people born in Spain, called?
What was the Spanish lawmaking body for the colonies?
What was the Spanish lawmaking body for the colonies?
What were workers forced to work off a debt known as?
What were workers forced to work off a debt known as?
What were American-born descendants of Spanish settlers called?
What were American-born descendants of Spanish settlers called?
What are conquistadors?
What are conquistadors?
What was the capital of the Aztec Empire?
What was the capital of the Aztec Empire?
What does compel mean?
What does compel mean?
What is a civil war?
What is a civil war?
What were the people of Native American and European descent called?
What were the people of Native American and European descent called?
What were the people of African and European descent called?
What were the people of African and European descent called?
What was the first French permanent settlement in Canada?
What was the first French permanent settlement in Canada?
What is income from all kinds of taxes called?
What is income from all kinds of taxes called?
What did the southern colonies rely on for profits?
What did the southern colonies rely on for profits?
At the end of the Seven Years' War, what lands did France give Britain in North America?
At the end of the Seven Years' War, what lands did France give Britain in North America?
Why did the French first cross the Atlantic to Canada?
Why did the French first cross the Atlantic to Canada?
What did the French call Canada?
What did the French call Canada?
What ensured British dominance in North America?
What ensured British dominance in North America?
What was the war between Britain and France during the 1700s called?
What was the war between Britain and France during the 1700s called?
What were English navigators searching for along the northeast coast of North America?
What were English navigators searching for along the northeast coast of North America?
The Pilgrims made a __________, or agreement, before coming ashore.
The Pilgrims made a __________, or agreement, before coming ashore.
Where did the Pilgrims land?
Where did the Pilgrims land?
Who were the Pilgrims?
Who were the Pilgrims?
Where did the English build their first colony?
Where did the English build their first colony?
What does prevail mean?
What does prevail mean?
What officially ended the worldwide war in 1763?
What officially ended the worldwide war in 1763?
What did the Treaty of Paris ensure?
What did the Treaty of Paris ensure?
What Venetian navigator found rich fishing grounds off Newfoundland, claiming it for England?
What Venetian navigator found rich fishing grounds off Newfoundland, claiming it for England?
Who established the first French settlement in Quebec?
Who established the first French settlement in Quebec?
Who discovered the St. Lawrence River?
Who discovered the St. Lawrence River?
What was the encomienda system?
What was the encomienda system?
What was the role of the Church in colonial education?
What was the role of the Church in colonial education?
What was Brazil's economy based on?
What was Brazil's economy based on?
Why did French settlers abandon farming in favor of fur trapping and trading?
Why did French settlers abandon farming in favor of fur trapping and trading?
What were the reasons the English colonies were established?
What were the reasons the English colonies were established?
Why was the French and Indian War fought?
Why was the French and Indian War fought?
New England developed what industry to benefit from the Atlantic trade network?
New England developed what industry to benefit from the Atlantic trade network?
Because of the number of deaths aboard slave ships, they were known as?
Because of the number of deaths aboard slave ships, they were known as?
From where were most African slaves taken?
From where were most African slaves taken?
How many enslaved Africans are believed to have reached the Americas?
How many enslaved Africans are believed to have reached the Americas?
What was the stretch in the trade network from Africa to the Americas called?
What was the stretch in the trade network from Africa to the Americas called?
Revolts by crew or captives on a boat are called?
Revolts by crew or captives on a boat are called?
What Massachusetts port city grew wealthy from trade with Europe?
What Massachusetts port city grew wealthy from trade with Europe?
What African wrote a narrative about the slave trade in English in 1789?
What African wrote a narrative about the slave trade in English in 1789?
Molasses was often turned into what for shipment to Europe?
Molasses was often turned into what for shipment to Europe?
What were trade routes linking Europe, Africa, and the Americas called?
What were trade routes linking Europe, Africa, and the Americas called?
Describe the triangular trade route.
Describe the triangular trade route.
What does commodity mean?
What does commodity mean?
What does restrained mean?
What does restrained mean?
How did enslaved Africans resist captivity?
How did enslaved Africans resist captivity?
How did the slave trade affect Africans?
How did the slave trade affect Africans?
The system used to bypass the guilds in Europe was the __________ system.
The system used to bypass the guilds in Europe was the __________ system.
Countries that established foreign trading monopolies were following the policy of?
Countries that established foreign trading monopolies were following the policy of?
Why were potatoes such an important crop in Europe?
Why were potatoes such an important crop in Europe?
What fueled inflation in Europe?
What fueled inflation in Europe?
What benefited the nomadic peoples of western North America from European importation?
What benefited the nomadic peoples of western North America from European importation?
What is an increase in overall prices called?
What is an increase in overall prices called?
What is an economic system in which most businesses are privately owned called?
What is an economic system in which most businesses are privately owned called?
What are taxes on imported goods called?
What are taxes on imported goods called?
Who are the people who take on financial risks to make profits?
Who are the people who take on financial risks to make profits?
Which group did not profit from mercantilist societies?
Which group did not profit from mercantilist societies?
What was the vast global exchange started by Columbus known as?
What was the vast global exchange started by Columbus known as?
What does dispersal mean?
What does dispersal mean?
What is inflation?
What is inflation?
What characteristics must a society have for capitalism to be possible?
What characteristics must a society have for capitalism to be possible?
What is it called when rising prices are coupled with inflation?
What is it called when rising prices are coupled with inflation?
What effect did European exploration have on Native American populations?
What effect did European exploration have on Native American populations?
Study Notes
Tenochtitlán and Spanish Conquest
- Tenochtitlán is the ancient capital of the Aztec Empire, located in modern-day Mexico City.
- Francisco Pizarro invaded the Incan heartland, showcasing Spanish conquests in Latin America.
- Conquistadors were Spanish explorers and conquerors who sought to expand Spain's territories in the Americas.
Diseases and Resistance
- Immunity refers to the body's resistance to diseases, which significantly impacted Native American populations during European colonization.
- The plague was not among the diseases that devastated Native Americans; smallpox and influenza were particularly harmful.
Civil and Colonial Dynamics
- A civil war occurs when factions within the same nation conflict, as seen in various colonial situations.
- Both Hernán Cortés and Pizarro faced rival Spanish factions during their conquests, complicating their missions.
- The Aztecs often sacrificed conquered peoples, highlighting their brutal methods of maintaining dominance.
Key Figures and Events
- Malinche, an indigenous woman, aided Cortés by serving as his translator, facilitating communication and strategy.
- Atahualpa, the Inca leader, was kidnapped by Spanish forces, leading to a ransom payment but ultimately his execution.
- Bartolomé de Las Casas initially advocated for importing African workers and later expressed regret over this decision.
Colonial Administration and Economy
- The Treaty of Tordesillas established Portuguese claims over Brazil, dividing new lands between Portugal and Spain.
- Viceroys acted as representatives of the Spanish crown in the Americas, governing colonial territories.
- Sugar cane became a lucrative crop in the West Indies, driving economic activities in the region.
Social Hierarchy and Labor Systems
- The encomienda system allowed Spanish settlers to demand labor from Native Americans, often resulting in exploitation.
- Peninsulares were individuals born in Spain who held the highest social status in colonial society, followed by creoles (American-born Spaniards).
- Peons were laborers working off debts, often trapped in a cycle of poverty and exploitation.
Colonial Expansion and Trade
- Quebec was the first permanent French settlement in Canada, showcasing France's ambitions in North America.
- The British dominance over North America was solidified through the Treaty of Paris after the French and Indian War, which determined territorial claims.
- The triangular trade linked Europe, Africa, and the Americas, involving the exchange of goods, enslaved labor, and commodities.
Slave Trade and Resistance
- The horrific conditions of the Middle Passage involved the transportation of enslaved Africans to the Americas, where approximately 11 million were forced into slavery.
- Mutinies were revolts by enslaved captives aboard slave ships, reflecting ongoing resistance to oppression.
- Individuals like Olaudah Equiano documented the slave trade experience, raising awareness about its impacts.
Economic Systems and Effects
- Mercantilism was a dominant economic policy aiming to enrich nations through trade monopolies and colonies.
- Inflation in Europe was partly driven by the influx of silver and gold, affecting prices and economic stability.
- Capitalism relied on private ownership and risk-taking for profit, facilitating economic growth in European societies.
Cultural Exchange and Impact
- The Columbian Exchange drastically transformed societies and environments worldwide, exchanging plants, animals, and diseases.
- The introduction of horses greatly benefited nomadic tribes in Western North America, changing their lifestyles and mobility.
- The concept of a price revolution occurred when rising prices coincided with inflation, transforming economic conditions.
Summary of Effects on Native Americans
- European exploration led to the decimation of Native American populations due to diseases, warfare, and exploitation, fundamentally changing their societies and cultures.
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Description
Test your knowledge of Chapter 15 of World History with these flashcards. This chapter covers significant events and figures, including the Conquistadors and the impact of diseases in the Americas. Sharpen your understanding of historical connections and key terms.
