Questions and Answers
How did Chinese and Russian expansion into Central Asia affect the nomadic peoples inhabiting the steppe lands?
They no longer enjoyed political independence and economic prosperity.
The Mughal ruler Akbar favored policies that promoted?
a cosmopolitan and hybrid Indian-Persian-Turkic culture.
Which of the following regions experienced the least racial mixing and was the least willing to recognize offspring of interracial unions?
Which of the following was a reason that Portugal, Spain, France, and Britain were the first to expand into the New World?
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The colonial economy of the Spanish Empire in former Aztec and Inca lands was?
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How did many Native Americans in Mesoamerica and Peru respond to Spanish missionaries' efforts to convert them to Catholicism?
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Which of the following was a result of the Ottoman Empire's policy toward the Christian population in southeastern Europe?
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Which of the following contributed to the great dying in the Americas?
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Which of the following distinguished the empires of Western Europe from other empires?
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Which of the following policies contributed to the growth of Hindu opposition to the Mughal rule by the late seventeenth century?
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In which of the following empires did the process of expansion occur at the same time that a distinctive state was taking shape?
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Which of the following describes what happened to the native populations of the steppes of Siberia as a consequence of Russian imperial expansion?
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Which of the following is an example of the Colombian exchange?
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Which of the following motivated Europeans to venture across the Atlantic Ocean?
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Which of the following describes slavery in Latin America?
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In contrast to the Portuguese and Spanish colonists in Latin America, British colonists in North America?
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How did silver from the mines of Mexico and Peru affect international commerce?
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Which of the following policies reflects mercantilist thinking?
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Which of the following was a reason Russia expanded beginning in the sixteenth century?
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Which of the following describes a feature of Qing China's policy toward its possessions in central Asia?
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What is the tribute of boy children that the Ottoman Turks levied against Christian subjects in the Balkans called?
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What term is used to describe the mixed-race population of Spanish colonial societies in the Americas?
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What term is used to refer to people who were born in Spain and claimed superiority over Spaniards born in the Americas?
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Who was the Mughal emperor (1657-1707) who reversed his predecessors' policies of religious tolerance?
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What is the tribute that Russian rulers demanded from native peoples of Siberia, most often in the form of furs, called?
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Study Notes
Expansion Effects
- Chinese and Russian encroachments in Central Asia diminished the political autonomy and economic well-being of nomadic tribes.
- Russian imperial expansion led to the assimilation of native populations in Siberia.
Mughal Empire
- Akbar, the Mughal ruler, encouraged the development of a diverse culture blending Indian, Persian, and Turkic influences.
- The reinstatement of the jizya tax by Aurangzeb fueled Hindu resistance against Mughal authority.
Colonial Practices and Economies
- The Spanish Empire's economy in the Americas relied heavily on agriculture and mining, particularly in territories once held by the Aztecs and Incas.
- In contrast to Spanish and Portuguese settlers, British colonists in North America aimed to break from European traditions rather than replicate them.
Racial and Cultural Dynamics
- British North America was characterized by minimal racial intermingling and a reluctance to acknowledge offspring from interracial unions.
- The mestizo population emerged in Spanish colonies, representing mixed-race heritage.
- The devshirme system involved the Ottoman Turks recruiting Christian boys from the Balkans for military and administrative roles.
Disease and Demographics
- Native Americans suffered from "the great dying" largely due to European diseases, as they lacked immunity.
- The introduction of crops such as corn and potatoes from the Columbian Exchange significantly enriched the diets of populations in Afro-Eurasia.
Economic Motivations
- European rivalry spurred transatlantic exploration and expansion during the Age of Discovery.
- Silver extracted from mines in Mexico and Peru facilitated European purchases of Chinese goods like tea and silk.
- Mercantilist policies emphasized the accumulation of precious metals as a cornerstone of economic strategy.
Imperial Policies
- The Ottoman Empire granted notable self-governance to Christian communities in southeastern Europe.
- Qing China's policies in Central Asia displayed a level of respect for the diverse cultures present in its territories.
Prevalent Terms
- "Peninsulares" referred to Spaniards born in Spain who regarded themselves as socially superior to those born in the colonies.
- "Yasak" denoted the tribute demanded by Russian rulers from Siberian natives, predominantly in fur form.
Historical Context
- The initial maritime expeditions by Portugal, Spain, France, and Britain set them apart as pioneers of overseas empire-building.
- Russian expansion beginning in the 16th century aimed at bolstering national security and territorial integrity.
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Description
Test your knowledge of AP World History Chapter 13 with these multiple-choice flashcards. Dive into the effects of Chinese and Russian expansion on nomadic peoples and explore Akbar's policies promoting cultural hybridity. Perfect for students preparing for their exams!
