AP Psychology Units 1-10 Flashcards
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Questions and Answers

What is Unit 1?

AP Psych Units 1-10 Flashcards.

What is behaviorism?

  • The focus on childhood experiences
  • A method of introspection
  • The study of mental processes
  • The view that psychology should be an objective science that studies behavior without reference to mental processes (correct)

    • Who is the father of psychology?

    Wilhelm Wundt.

    What did Wilhelm Wundt's experiment focus on?

    <p>Reaction times and cognitive psychology.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who was Edward Titchener?

    <p>A student of Wilhelm Wundt who relied on self-report data.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is structuralism?

    <p>A theory created by Edward Titchener that focused on the basic units of experience.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did William James develop?

    <p>Functionalism.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who was Mary Calkins?

    <p>The first female president of the APA.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who is Margaret Floy Washburn?

    <p>The second female president of the APA who wrote The Animal Mind.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the Psychology Definition Shift?

    <p>Evolution of psychology from focusing on the brain to behaviorism and then neuroscience and cognitive psychology.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who are Watson and Skinner?

    <p>Famous behaviorists.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the focus of behaviorism?

    <p>The scientific study of outwardly observable behavior.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who founded psychoanalysis?

    <p>Sigmund Freud.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do Maslow and Rogers emphasize?

    <p>Feelings and optimism.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does humanism emphasize?

    <p>Nonverbal experience and altered states of consciousness.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the biopsychosocial levels of analysis?

    <p>Biology, psychology, and environment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is applied psychology?

    <p>Working with people and patients.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does functionalism study?

    <p>The purpose of behavior.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does humanistic psychology emphasize?

    <p>The growth potential of healthy people.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is cognitive neuroscience?

    <p>The study of brain activity linked with cognition.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is psychology?

    <p>The science of behavior and mental processes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the nature-nurture issue?

    <p>The controversy over genes and experiences in developing traits and behaviors.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is natural selection?

    <p>The principle that traits contributing to reproduction and survival are passed on.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the levels of analysis?

    <p>Differing complementary views for analyzing any given phenomenon.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the biopsychosocial approach?

    <p>An approach incorporating biological, psychological, and social-cultural levels of analysis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the neuroscience perspective examine?

    <p>How the body and brain enable emotions and memories.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the evolutionary perspective focus on?

    <p>Natural selection and survival of genes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the behavior genetics perspective?

    <p>How genes and environment influence individual differences.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the psychodynamic perspective?

    <p>How behavior springs from unconscious drives and conflicts.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Introduction to Psychology

    • Psychology is defined as the science of behavior and mental processes, evolving through various perspectives over the decades.

    Early Foundations

    • Wilhelm Wundt is known as the father of psychology, establishing it as a science through formal methods like observations and experiments.
    • Edward Titchener, a student of Wundt, developed structuralism focused on understanding the basic units of experience via introspection.

    Key Concepts

    • Behaviorism posits that psychology should focus solely on observable behavior rather than internal mental states; Watson and Skinner are prominent figures in this field.
    • Functionalism, developed by William James, emphasizes the purpose of behavior and how it aids in adaptation to the environment.

    Significant Figures

    • Mary Calkins was the first female president of the APA, receiving mentorship from William James despite being denied a PhD.
    • Margaret Floy Washburn served as the second female president of the APA and authored "The Animal Mind," aligning with Darwinistic ideas.

    Evolution of Psychology

    • The early 1900s focused on Wundt and Titchener's scientific approach, transitioning to behaviorism in the 1920s, and later evolving to include cognitive psychology and neuroscience by the 1960s.
    • Current psychology integrates behavior with mental processes, reflecting a multifaceted understanding of human experience.

    Important Perspectives

    • Humanistic psychology, led by figures like Maslow and Rogers, highlights the importance of feelings, personal growth, and free will.
    • Neuropsychological perspectives investigate how brain activity correlates with cognitive functions, including perception and memory.

    Research and Application

    • Psychological research can be categorically divided into basic research (conducted in academic settings) and applied psychology, which involves direct interaction with individuals and patients.
    • The biopsychosocial model integrates biological, psychological, and sociocultural factors for comprehensive analysis.

    Nature vs. Nurture Debate

    • The nature-nurture issue centers on the influence of genetics versus environment on traits and behaviors, a fundamental question in psychology.
    • Natural selection underscores the inherited traits that enhance reproductive success and survival as critical to evolution.

    Levels of Analysis

    • Psychology employs multiple levels of analysis: biological, psychological, and social-cultural, to explore complex phenomena.
    • The biopsychosocial approach combines these levels, fostering a holistic view of human behavior.

    Specialized Perspectives

    • The neuroscience perspective focuses on the connections between body, brain, and emotional experiences.
    • The evolutionary perspective examines how natural selection shapes behavioral traits, while behavior genetics looks at heredity's role in individual differences.

    Psychodynamic Perspective

    • The psychodynamic perspective, grounded in Freudian theory, explores how unconscious drives and childhood experiences influence behavior.

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    Description

    Test your knowledge on the key concepts of AP Psychology with these flashcards covering Units 1 to 10. Each card provides essential terms, definitions, and insights into the foundational theories of psychology. Perfect for exam preparation and review.

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