AP Psychology Units 1-10 Flashcards

Questions and Answers

What is Unit 1?

AP Psych Units 1-10 Flashcards.

What is behaviorism?

The focus on childhood experiences

A method of introspection

The study of mental processes

The view that psychology should be an objective science that studies behavior without reference to mental processes (correct)

Who is the father of psychology?

Wilhelm Wundt.

What did Wilhelm Wundt's experiment focus on?

Reaction times and cognitive psychology. Signup and view all the answers

Who was Edward Titchener?

A student of Wilhelm Wundt who relied on self-report data. Signup and view all the answers

What is structuralism?

A theory created by Edward Titchener that focused on the basic units of experience. Signup and view all the answers

What did William James develop?

Functionalism. Signup and view all the answers

Who was Mary Calkins?

The first female president of the APA. Signup and view all the answers

Who is Margaret Floy Washburn?

The second female president of the APA who wrote The Animal Mind. Signup and view all the answers

What is the Psychology Definition Shift?

Evolution of psychology from focusing on the brain to behaviorism and then neuroscience and cognitive psychology. Signup and view all the answers

Who are Watson and Skinner?

Famous behaviorists. Signup and view all the answers

What is the focus of behaviorism?

The scientific study of outwardly observable behavior. Signup and view all the answers

Who founded psychoanalysis?

Sigmund Freud. Signup and view all the answers

What do Maslow and Rogers emphasize?

Feelings and optimism. Signup and view all the answers

What does humanism emphasize?

Nonverbal experience and altered states of consciousness. Signup and view all the answers

What are the biopsychosocial levels of analysis?

Biology, psychology, and environment. Signup and view all the answers

What is applied psychology?

Working with people and patients. Signup and view all the answers

What does functionalism study?

The purpose of behavior. Signup and view all the answers

What does humanistic psychology emphasize?

The growth potential of healthy people. Signup and view all the answers

What is cognitive neuroscience?

The study of brain activity linked with cognition. Signup and view all the answers

What is psychology?

The science of behavior and mental processes. Signup and view all the answers

What is the nature-nurture issue?

The controversy over genes and experiences in developing traits and behaviors. Signup and view all the answers

What is natural selection?

The principle that traits contributing to reproduction and survival are passed on. Signup and view all the answers

What are the levels of analysis?

Differing complementary views for analyzing any given phenomenon. Signup and view all the answers

What is the biopsychosocial approach?

An approach incorporating biological, psychological, and social-cultural levels of analysis. Signup and view all the answers

What does the neuroscience perspective examine?

How the body and brain enable emotions and memories. Signup and view all the answers

What does the evolutionary perspective focus on?

Natural selection and survival of genes. Signup and view all the answers

What is the behavior genetics perspective?

How genes and environment influence individual differences. Signup and view all the answers

What is the psychodynamic perspective?

How behavior springs from unconscious drives and conflicts. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Introduction to Psychology

Psychology is defined as the science of behavior and mental processes, evolving through various perspectives over the decades.

Early Foundations

Wilhelm Wundt is known as the father of psychology, establishing it as a science through formal methods like observations and experiments.
Edward Titchener, a student of Wundt, developed structuralism focused on understanding the basic units of experience via introspection.

Key Concepts

Behaviorism posits that psychology should focus solely on observable behavior rather than internal mental states; Watson and Skinner are prominent figures in this field.
Functionalism, developed by William James, emphasizes the purpose of behavior and how it aids in adaptation to the environment.

Significant Figures

Mary Calkins was the first female president of the APA, receiving mentorship from William James despite being denied a PhD.
Margaret Floy Washburn served as the second female president of the APA and authored "The Animal Mind," aligning with Darwinistic ideas.

Evolution of Psychology

The early 1900s focused on Wundt and Titchener's scientific approach, transitioning to behaviorism in the 1920s, and later evolving to include cognitive psychology and neuroscience by the 1960s.
Current psychology integrates behavior with mental processes, reflecting a multifaceted understanding of human experience.

Important Perspectives

Humanistic psychology, led by figures like Maslow and Rogers, highlights the importance of feelings, personal growth, and free will.
Neuropsychological perspectives investigate how brain activity correlates with cognitive functions, including perception and memory.

Research and Application

Psychological research can be categorically divided into basic research (conducted in academic settings) and applied psychology, which involves direct interaction with individuals and patients.
The biopsychosocial model integrates biological, psychological, and sociocultural factors for comprehensive analysis.

Nature vs. Nurture Debate

The nature-nurture issue centers on the influence of genetics versus environment on traits and behaviors, a fundamental question in psychology.
Natural selection underscores the inherited traits that enhance reproductive success and survival as critical to evolution.

Levels of Analysis

Psychology employs multiple levels of analysis: biological, psychological, and social-cultural, to explore complex phenomena.
The biopsychosocial approach combines these levels, fostering a holistic view of human behavior.

Specialized Perspectives

The neuroscience perspective focuses on the connections between body, brain, and emotional experiences.
The evolutionary perspective examines how natural selection shapes behavioral traits, while behavior genetics looks at heredity's role in individual differences.

Psychodynamic Perspective

The psychodynamic perspective, grounded in Freudian theory, explores how unconscious drives and childhood experiences influence behavior.

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Description

Test your knowledge on the key concepts of AP Psychology with these flashcards covering Units 1 to 10. Each card provides essential terms, definitions, and insights into the foundational theories of psychology. Perfect for exam preparation and review.