Questions and Answers
What are motivations?
A need or desire that energizes and directs behavior.
Describe the push and pull idea.
Push motivation is a behavior that someone might force themselves to complete for satisfaction, while pull motivation is a behavior that someone feels naturally drawn to.
What are instincts?
Unlearned behavior or inborn motivation or impulse in response to a specific stimulus.
Explain what drive-reduction theory is.
Signup and view all the answers
What is homeostasis?
Signup and view all the answers
What are incentives?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the optimal arousal theory?
Signup and view all the answers
Describe the Yerkes-Dodson law.
Signup and view all the answers
Describe the Hierarchy of Needs as hypothesized by Maslow.
Signup and view all the answers
What are the physiological factors that go into producing hunger?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the function of the ventromedial hypothalamus?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the function of the lateral hypothalamus in relation to hunger?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the basal metabolic rate?
Signup and view all the answers
Explain the difference between set point and basal metabolic rate.
Signup and view all the answers
Study Notes
Motivations
- Defined as a need or desire that energizes and directs behavior.
Push and Pull Motivation
- Push motivation involves forced behavior to fulfill a wish or achieve satisfaction.
- Pull motivation arises from natural attraction towards certain behaviors without external pressure.
Instincts
- Instincts are unlearned, inborn impulses that are triggered by specific stimuli.
- These behaviors are complex and often follow a particular pattern.
Drive-Reduction Theory
- This theory posits that motivated behavior arises from a drive state, aiming to restore homeostasis.
- The goal of such behavior is to reduce or reinforce the drive, addressing disruptions in balance.
Homeostasis
- Refers to the body's tendency to maintain a stable internal environment, such as a balanced body temperature around 98.6 degrees Fahrenheit.
Incentives
- Factors that motivate individuals to engage in specific actions or behaviors, often linked to goals.
Optimal Arousal Theory
- Suggests that certain motivated behaviors can either increase or decrease arousal levels, influencing curiosity and engagement.
Yerkes-Dodson Law
- States that for simple tasks, higher arousal leads to better performance; however, for complex tasks, too much arousal can hinder performance.
Hierarchy of Needs (Maslow)
- A pyramid structure of human needs, progressing from basic to higher-level needs:
- Physiological Needs: Basic survival needs like hunger and thirst.
- Safety Needs: The necessity for security and protection.
- Belongingness and Love Needs: The need for love, acceptance, and social connections.
- Esteem Needs: The desire for self-esteem, recognition, and respect.
- Self-Actualization Needs: The pursuit of reaching one's full potential.
- Self-Transcendence Needs: The quest for meaning and purpose beyond oneself.
Physiological Factors in Hunger
- Leptin and PYY: Hormones signaling fullness.
- Glucose: Blood sugar that serves as the body's primary energy source; low levels trigger hunger.
- Ghrelin and Orexin: Hormones that signal hunger.
- Hypothalamus: Regulates hunger and thirst.
- Arcuate Nucleus: A part of the hypothalamus involved in hunger regulation.
Ventromedial Hypothalamus
- Involved in terminating feelings of hunger and recognizing fullness.
Lateral Hypothalamus
- Detects internal and external cues that trigger hunger; works with the ventromedial hypothalamus to signal satiety after eating.
Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR)
- Refers to the energy expenditure rate while at rest, influencing how many calories are burned.
- Example: A 20-year-old woman, 5'6”, weighing 150 pounds has a BMR of approximately 1520 kcal/day.
Set Point vs. Basal Metabolic Rate
- Set Point: The "weight thermostat" that regulates hunger and metabolism when weight fluctuates.
- Basal Metabolic Rate: The energy burned while at rest, independent of weight regulation.
Human Sexual Response Cycle Phases
- Not specified, but generally includes excitement, plateau, orgasm, and resolution stages.
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Description
Test your knowledge on motivations with these AP Psychology Unit 8 flashcards. The cards cover essential concepts such as the push and pull motivations that energize and direct behavior. Perfect for exam preparation or review sessions!