Questions and Answers
What do kinesthetic senses refer to?
What are stretch receptors?
Receptors that sense muscle stretch and contraction; attached to Golgi tendon organs.
What are Golgi tendon organs?
Muscle fibers and different nerve endings that are attached to stretch receptors.
What do vestibular senses control?
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Where are vestibular receptors located?
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What are vestibular sacs?
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What is the role of vestibular organs?
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What is the largest sense organ?
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What do skin receptors sense?
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The two paths of information travel from the medulla to the _____ to the parietal lobe or the _____ to the RF.
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What does the gate control theory explain?
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What is the biopsychosocial theory?
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What does pain involve?
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What is the placebo effect?
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Study Notes
Kinesthetic Senses
- Involve awareness of muscle movement, posture, and the strain on muscles and joints.
Stretch Receptors
- Sensory structures that monitor muscle stretch and contraction; associated with Golgi tendon organs.
Golgi Tendon Organs
- Composed of muscle fibers and various nerve endings; connected to stretch receptors, playing a role in proprioception.
Vestibular Senses
- Responsible for maintaining equilibrium and awareness of body positions; receptors located in the inner ear aid in balance.
Vestibular Sacs
- Located in the inner ear, they detect gravitational and movement changes such as forward, backward, and vertical motions; situated between semicircular canals and cochlea.
Vestibular Organs
- These organs are linked to motion sickness, which can occur due to conflicts between visual information and vestibular sensations.
Skin
- Functions as the largest sensory organ of the body, encompassing various receptors.
Skin Receptors
- Detect and relay information about pressure, temperature, and pain sensations to the brain.
Two Paths of Information
- Sensory information travels from the medulla to the thalamus and then to the parietal lobe or to the reticular formation (RF) for processing.
Gate Control Theory
- Widely accepted explanation of pain perception, suggesting a neurological gate in the spinal cord regulates the pain messages sent to the brain.
Biopsychosocial Theory
- Explains pain as a consequence of the interplay between biological, psychological, and cultural factors, influencing its intensity and duration.
Pain
- Involves a feedback loop; can be intensified by negative emotions like fear and anxiety or mitigated by positive beliefs.
Placebo Effect
- A phenomenon where pain relief occurs due to the belief in the effectiveness of a pill or treatment; actual relief related to the release of endorphins in the body.
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Description
This quiz covers key concepts from Chapter 3 of AP Psychology, focusing on kinesthetic and vestibular senses. Study essential definitions, such as kinesthetic senses, stretch receptors, and golgi tendon organs, to enhance your understanding of human movement and balance.
