Questions and Answers
What is Frank's false memory of the counselor touching him inappropriately an example of?
What occurs when information is on the tip of our tongue, but we can't get it out?
Blocking
What best describes the typical forgetting curve?
A rapid initial decline in retention becoming stable thereafter
What is likely the reason for not remembering the last name of your homeroom teacher at a reunion?
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What illustrates Carlos's first thought of his old phone extension when asked for his number?
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What is Janice experiencing when she confuses her old combination lock with the new one?
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What did Jenkins and Dallenbach find about memory retention?
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What is repression an example of?
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According to Freud, what is Lewis's failure to remember torture details an example of?
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What do studies by Loftus and Palmer indicate about people's recall?
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Why might hypnotically 'refreshed' memories be inaccurate?
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Why are long-repressed memories of traumatic events viewed suspiciously?
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Study Notes
Memory Types and Concepts
- Suggestibility refers to the phenomenon where individuals create false memories based on external suggestions or misinformation, as demonstrated by Frank's misremembering of events from childhood.
- Blocking occurs when a person has information on the tip of their tongue but cannot retrieve it, illustrating an interruption in memory recall.
Forgetting and Retrieval Issues
- The typical forgetting curve showcases a rapid initial decline in memory retention followed by a period of stability.
- Retrieval failure is evident when inability to recall information, such as the name of a homeroom teacher at a reunion, occurs despite knowing the concept.
Interference in Memory
- Proactive interference happens when old information (like Carlos’s former office number) disrupts the recall of newly learned information.
- Retroactive interference is when new information (such as Janice confusing lock combinations) impedes the recollection of previously learned information.
Sleep and Memory Retention
- Research by Jenkins and Dallenbach indicates that subjects who slept during a retention interval displayed better memory recall because interference from external stimuli was minimized.
Motivated Forgetting
- Repression, a concept tied to motivated forgetting, occurs when distressing memories are unconsciously blocked from conscious awareness, as seen in Lewis, a war prisoner.
Impact of Misinformation
- Studies by Loftus and Palmer revealed that people's memory recall can be drastically altered by misleading information, emphasizing the malleability of human memory.
Hypnosis and Memory Accuracy
- Hypnotically "refreshed" memories are often unreliable, especially under leading questioning, due to the construction of memory and potential distortions during the recall process.
Concerns with Recovered Memories
- Skepticism exists regarding long-repressed memories of traumatic experiences that surface through drugs or hypnosis because these memories can be unreliable and are vulnerable to distortion, particularly for events that occurred before age three.
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Description
Test your knowledge of key concepts in AP Psychology with these flashcards covering chapters 319-333. Learn about memory errors, false memories, suggestibility, and other important topics. Great for exam preparation and reinforcing your understanding of psychological principles.
