AP Psych Chapter 2 - Memory Flashcards
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Questions and Answers

What is elaborative rehearsal?

  • Rehearsal that moves memories from working memory into long-term memory (correct)
  • Only useful for short-term retention
  • A form of rehearsal that maintains memories in working memory
  • A technique for forgetting irrelevant information

What is memory?

Learning over time through the process of encoding, storing, and retrieving information.

What is a flashbulb memory?

A clear memory of a significant event in one's life.

What type of memory is explicit memory?

<p>Memory of facts and experiences.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is implicit memory?

<p>Procedural memory that holds information without conscious realization.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does encoding refer to?

<p>The process of getting information into the brain.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is storage in the context of memory?

<p>The retention of information that has been encoded.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is retrieval?

<p>Getting stored memories out.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is sensory memory?

<p>A brief recording of information perceived through the senses.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is short-term memory?

<p>Memories held briefly before permanent storage.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is working memory?

<p>Conscious processing of incoming and outgoing memories.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is long-term memory?

<p>Permanent and limitless storage of memories.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does visual encoding involve?

<p>Encoding of picture images.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does acoustic encoding refer to?

<p>Encoding of sounds.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is semantic encoding?

<p>Encoding of meanings.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the levels of processing?

<p>The deeper the analysis of what you're remembering, the stronger the memory.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the self-reference effect?

<p>People encode information differently based on personal relevance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a web of associations?

<p>A network of connected thoughts about memories.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is long-term potentiation?

<p>An increase in a synapse's firing potential after rapid stimulation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Encoding

The initial transformation of information into your brain, like taking a photo of a scene.

Storage

The process of holding onto information for a longer time. It's like storing a file on your hard drive.

Retrieval

Accessing your stored memories, like finding that file on your computer.

Flashbulb Memory

A vivid and detailed memory triggered by a significant event.

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Explicit Memory

Consciously remembering facts and experiences. It's like recalling a story you once read.

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Implicit Memory

Unconscious memory of how to do things. It's like knowing how to ride a bike, even years later.

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Elaborative Rehearsal

A technique that uses deeper processing to transfer information from working memory to long-term memory.

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Mnemonics

Memory aids that help you recall information, often using imagery.

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Chunking

Organizing information into smaller, easier-to-handle chunks. It's like grouping the digits of Pi for easier recall.

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Sensory Memory

Records brief sensory impressions, like the fleeting echo of a sound.

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Short-Term Memory

Holds information temporarily for processing, like a mental scratch pad.

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Working Memory

Consciously processes incoming and outgoing information, like a mental workbench.

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Long-Term Memory

Capable of holding limitless information permanently, like a vast mental library.

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Visual Encoding

Encoding information using visual images, like remembering a picture.

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Acoustic Encoding

Encoding information using sounds, like memorizing a song.

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Semantic Encoding

Encoding information based on its meaning, like understanding a concept.

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Levels of Processing

The depth of processing during encoding influences the strength of the memory.

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Self-Reference Effect

People remember information better when they can relate it to themselves.

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Web of Associations

Networks of connected memories activated through priming.

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Long-Term Potentiation (LTP)

The strengthening of synapse firing potential after rapid stimulation, believed to underpin learning and memory formation.

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Study Notes

Memory Concepts and Definitions

  • Elaborative Rehearsal: Moves information from working memory to long-term memory using deeper processing; enhances retention for academic success.
  • Mnemonics: Memory aids that utilize imagery to enhance recall, particularly useful for learning vocabulary.
  • Chunking: Organizes information into manageable units, aiding memorization, such as grouping digits of Pi for easier recall.

Types of Memory

  • Memory: The process of learning over time involving encoding, storing, and retrieving information.
  • Flashbulb Memory: Vivid and detailed memories tied to significant events (e.g., 9/11) that create lasting impressions.
  • Explicit (Declarative) Memory: Involves conscious recollection of facts and experiences; dependent on hippocampus for storage and retrieval.
  • Implicit (Procedural) Memory: Unconscious memory of skills and tasks, primarily managed by the cerebellum; exemplifies how you perform tasks automatically.

Memory Processes

  • Encoding: The initial process of transferring information into the brain, critical for memory formation.
  • Storage: Retention of encoded information, facilitating later retrieval; akin to a mind palace full of saved memories.
  • Retrieval: The process of accessing stored memories for use; a necessary step to recall information effectively.

Memory Types and Functionality

  • Sensory Memory: Records brief sensory impressions; creates immediate memories from the environment.
  • Short-Term Memory: Holds information temporarily for processing, typically managing 5-9 items (7±2 rule).
  • Working Memory: Engages in conscious processing of incoming and outgoing information, serving as a bridge in the memory process.
  • Long-Term Memory: Capable of holding limitless information permanently; essential for long-term retention and learning.

Encoding Strategies

  • Visual Encoding: Parses information through visual images; enhances memorization of visual content.
  • Acoustic Encoding: Involves processing auditory information; important for remembering sounds.
  • Semantic Encoding: Centers on the meanings of information; deeper understanding enhances recall.
  • Levels of Processing: The depth of analysis during encoding influences the strength of memory retention; deeper analysis leads to stronger memories.
  • Self-Reference Effect: Individuals better remember information when they can relate it to themselves or their experiences.

Associations and Neural Basis

  • Web of Associations: Networks of connected memories activated through priming; enhances retrieval by linking related memories.
  • Long-Term Potentiation (LTP): Refers to the strengthening of synapse firing potential after rapid stimulation; believed to underpin learning and memory formation.

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Dive into the concepts of memory in AP Psychology Chapter 2. This quiz focuses on elaborative rehearsal and mnemonics, essential techniques to enhance retention and recall. Test your understanding and improve your study skills for exams with these flashcards!

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