A&P II Chapter 17: The Urinary System Flashcards
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Questions and Answers

What is the outermost portion of the kidney known as?

Renal Cortex

What is the saclike structure that surrounds the glomerulus?

Bowman's Capsule

What is the renal corpuscle made up of?

Bowman's Capsule and Glomerulus

What is the inner portion of the kidney known as?

<p>Renal Medulla</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the triangular divisions of the medulla of the kidney called?

<p>Renal Pyramids</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the narrow, innermost end of a pyramid called?

<p>Renal Papilla</p> Signup and view all the answers

What functions are performed by the kidneys?

<p>Maintenance of Homeostasis, Removal of wastes from the blood, Removal of electrolytes from the blood</p> Signup and view all the answers

What percent of glomerular filtrate is reabsorbed?

<p>Ninety-Nine</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the glomerular filtration rate in ml per minute?

<p>125.0</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where is glucose reabsorbed?

<p>Proximal convoluted tubule</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where does reabsorption occur?

<p>Loop of Henle</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens with increased salt intake?

<p>More salt excreted in the urine</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which substance is secreted by diffusion?

<p>Ammonia</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is true about ADH?

<p>It is stored by the pituitary gland, It makes the distal convoluted tubules more permeable, It is produced by the hypothalamus</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is true about Aldosterone?

<p>It is secreted by the adrenal cortex, It is a water-retaining hormone, It is a salt-retaining hormone</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the functioning unit of the urinary system and microscopic unit of the kidney?

<p>Nephrons</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an abnormally large amount of plasma proteins in urine called?

<p>Proteinuria</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is uremic poisoning also known as?

<p>Uremia</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the outer part of the kidney known as?

<p>Cortex</p> Signup and view all the answers

What forms the renal corpuscle with Bowman's Capsule?

<p>Glomerulus</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the division of the renal pelvis called?

<p>Calyx, plural Calyces</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the triangular-shaped divisions of the medulla of the kidney called?

<p>Pyramids</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the cup-shaped top of a nephron?

<p>Bowman's Capsule</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the innermost end of a pyramid called?

<p>Papilla</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the extension of a proximal tubule?

<p>Loop of Henle</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is used in the treatment of renal failure?

<p>CAPD</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the inner portion of the kidney called?

<p>Medulla</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the renal tubule that includes the Loop of Henle?

<p>Renal Tubule</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a urinary bladder infection called?

<p>Cystitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

What regulates blood pressure in the kidneys?

<p>Juxtaglomerular apparatus</p> Signup and view all the answers

What two ions are involved in secretion?

<p>Hydrogen and Potassium ions</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the relaxation of the internal sphincter called?

<p>Emptying Reflex</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are four characteristics of the bladder?

<p>Rugae, Lies behind pubic symphysis, Trigone, Elastic fibers / Involuntary muscle fiber</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are three characteristics of the ureters?

<p>Lining membrane richly supplied with sensory nerve endings, Drains renal pelvis, 10 to 12 inches long</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are four characteristics of the urethra?

<p>Lowermost part of urinary tract, Dual function in male, 1/12 inches long in female, Surrounded by prostate in male</p> Signup and view all the answers

What describes the pain caused by passing a kidney stone?

<p>Renal Colic</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the urinary tract lined with?

<p>Mucous Membrane</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is another name for kidney stones?

<p>Renal Calculi</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the basinlike upper end of the ureter located inside the kidney?

<p>Renal Pelvis</p> Signup and view all the answers

In males, what is the urethra used for passing?

<p>Urine and semen</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the external opening of the urethra called?

<p>Urinary Meatus</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are two other names for urination?

<p>Micturition, voiding</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where are internal sphincters located and how are they characterized?

<p>Bladder exit, involuntary</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is the external sphincter characterized?

<p>It is voluntary and striated muscle</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Kidney Structure and Function

  • Outer portion of the kidney: Renal Cortex
  • Inner portion of the kidney: Renal Medulla
  • Triangular divisions of the renal medulla: Renal Pyramids
  • Narrow innermost end of a pyramid: Renal Papilla
  • Saclike structure surrounding the glomerulus: Bowman's Capsule
  • Functional units of the urinary system: Nephrons

Filtration and Reabsorption

  • Glomerular filtration rate: 125.0 ml per minute
  • Percentage of glomerular filtrate that is reabsorbed: 99%
  • Major reabsorption locations:
    • Proximal Convoluted Tubule
    • Loop of Henle
    • Distal Convoluted Tubule
    • Collecting Tubules
  • Substance secreted by diffusion: Ammonia

Hormones and Regulation

  • Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH):
    • Stored by the pituitary gland
    • Increases permeability of the distal convoluted tubules
    • Produced by the hypothalamus
  • Aldosterone:
    • Secreted by adrenal cortex
    • Retains water and salt

Urinary System Conditions

  • Abnormally large amounts of plasma proteins in urine: Proteinuria
  • Condition of uremic poisoning: Uremia
  • Urinary bladder infection: Cystitis
  • Pain caused by passing a kidney stone: Renal Colic

Urinary Bladder Characteristics

  • Features include:
    • Rugae (folds)
    • Located behind the pubic symphysis
    • Trigone region
    • Composed of elastic and involuntary muscle fibers

Ureter and Urethra Characteristics

  • Characteristics of the ureters:
    • Lined with a membrane containing sensory nerve endings
    • Drains from the renal pelvis
    • Length: 10 to 12 inches
  • Urethra:
    • Functions dual role in males: urine and semen passage
    • Length in females: 1/12 inches
    • Surrounded by prostate in males

Urination Process

  • Internal sphincters located at the bladder exit and are involuntary
  • External sphincter is voluntary and striated
  • Terms for urination: Micturition, voiding

Renal Anatomy

  • Blood pressure regulation structure: Juxtaglomerular apparatus
  • Hydrogen and potassium ions are involved in secretion
  • External opening of the urethra: Urinary Meatus
  • Basinlike upper end of the ureter inside the kidney: Renal Pelvis
  • Alternate name for kidney stones: Renal Calculi

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Test your knowledge of the urinary system with these flashcards from Anatomy & Physiology II, Chapter 17. This study guide covers key terms such as Renal Cortex, Bowman's Capsule, and more. Perfect for preparing for exams or reinforcing your understanding of kidney anatomy.

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