Questions and Answers
What is the outermost portion of the kidney known as?
Renal Cortex
What is the saclike structure that surrounds the glomerulus?
Bowman's Capsule
What is the renal corpuscle made up of?
Bowman's Capsule and Glomerulus
What is the inner portion of the kidney known as?
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What are the triangular divisions of the medulla of the kidney called?
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What is the narrow, innermost end of a pyramid called?
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What functions are performed by the kidneys?
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What percent of glomerular filtrate is reabsorbed?
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What is the glomerular filtration rate in ml per minute?
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Where is glucose reabsorbed?
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Where does reabsorption occur?
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What happens with increased salt intake?
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Which substance is secreted by diffusion?
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What is true about ADH?
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What is true about Aldosterone?
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What is the functioning unit of the urinary system and microscopic unit of the kidney?
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What is an abnormally large amount of plasma proteins in urine called?
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What is uremic poisoning also known as?
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What is the outer part of the kidney known as?
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What forms the renal corpuscle with Bowman's Capsule?
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What is the division of the renal pelvis called?
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What are the triangular-shaped divisions of the medulla of the kidney called?
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What is the cup-shaped top of a nephron?
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What is the innermost end of a pyramid called?
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What is the extension of a proximal tubule?
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What is used in the treatment of renal failure?
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What is the inner portion of the kidney called?
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What is the renal tubule that includes the Loop of Henle?
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What is a urinary bladder infection called?
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What regulates blood pressure in the kidneys?
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What two ions are involved in secretion?
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What is the relaxation of the internal sphincter called?
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What are four characteristics of the bladder?
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What are three characteristics of the ureters?
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What are four characteristics of the urethra?
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What describes the pain caused by passing a kidney stone?
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What is the urinary tract lined with?
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What is another name for kidney stones?
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What is the basinlike upper end of the ureter located inside the kidney?
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In males, what is the urethra used for passing?
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What is the external opening of the urethra called?
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What are two other names for urination?
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Where are internal sphincters located and how are they characterized?
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How is the external sphincter characterized?
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Study Notes
Kidney Structure and Function
- Outer portion of the kidney: Renal Cortex
- Inner portion of the kidney: Renal Medulla
- Triangular divisions of the renal medulla: Renal Pyramids
- Narrow innermost end of a pyramid: Renal Papilla
- Saclike structure surrounding the glomerulus: Bowman's Capsule
- Functional units of the urinary system: Nephrons
Filtration and Reabsorption
- Glomerular filtration rate: 125.0 ml per minute
- Percentage of glomerular filtrate that is reabsorbed: 99%
- Major reabsorption locations:
- Proximal Convoluted Tubule
- Loop of Henle
- Distal Convoluted Tubule
- Collecting Tubules
- Substance secreted by diffusion: Ammonia
Hormones and Regulation
-
Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH):
- Stored by the pituitary gland
- Increases permeability of the distal convoluted tubules
- Produced by the hypothalamus
-
Aldosterone:
- Secreted by adrenal cortex
- Retains water and salt
Urinary System Conditions
- Abnormally large amounts of plasma proteins in urine: Proteinuria
- Condition of uremic poisoning: Uremia
- Urinary bladder infection: Cystitis
- Pain caused by passing a kidney stone: Renal Colic
Urinary Bladder Characteristics
- Features include:
- Rugae (folds)
- Located behind the pubic symphysis
- Trigone region
- Composed of elastic and involuntary muscle fibers
Ureter and Urethra Characteristics
- Characteristics of the ureters:
- Lined with a membrane containing sensory nerve endings
- Drains from the renal pelvis
- Length: 10 to 12 inches
- Urethra:
- Functions dual role in males: urine and semen passage
- Length in females: 1/12 inches
- Surrounded by prostate in males
Urination Process
- Internal sphincters located at the bladder exit and are involuntary
- External sphincter is voluntary and striated
- Terms for urination: Micturition, voiding
Renal Anatomy
- Blood pressure regulation structure: Juxtaglomerular apparatus
- Hydrogen and potassium ions are involved in secretion
- External opening of the urethra: Urinary Meatus
- Basinlike upper end of the ureter inside the kidney: Renal Pelvis
- Alternate name for kidney stones: Renal Calculi
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Description
Test your knowledge of the urinary system with these flashcards from Anatomy & Physiology II, Chapter 17. This study guide covers key terms such as Renal Cortex, Bowman's Capsule, and more. Perfect for preparing for exams or reinforcing your understanding of kidney anatomy.
