AP Human Geography Religion Flashcards
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Questions and Answers

What is the difference between a universalizing religion and an ethnic religion?

Universalizing religions attempt to be global and appeal to all people, while an ethnic religion appeals primarily to one group of people living in one place.

What are the 3 main universalizing religions?

Christianity, Islam, and Buddhism.

Which religion has the most followers and is the most widespread?

Christianity.

How are religions divided?

<p>Branches, then denominations, then sects.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most dominant religion in Southwestern and Eastern Europe?

<p>Roman Catholicism.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the dominant religion in Northwestern Europe?

<p>Protestantism.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the dominant religion in Eastern and Southeastern Europe?

<p>Eastern Orthodoxy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many self-governing churches are in Eastern Orthodox?

<ol start="14"> <li></li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of Latin America is Roman Catholic?

<p>93%.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What parts of the United States are the Christian branches located in?

<p>Baptist in the Southeast, Lutherans in the upper Midwest, Catholics in the Northeast.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where is Islam most prominent?

<p>Middle East, Northern Africa, and Central Asia.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the word Islam in Arabic mean?

<p>Submission to the will of God.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the 5 pillars of faith and what are their meanings?

<p>Iman - Obey God; Salah - Pray 5 times a day; Zakah - Everything belongs to God; Sawm - Fasting from dawn to dusk in Ramadan; Hajj - Pilgrimage to Makkah.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the 2 branches of Islam?

<p>Shiites (16%) and Sunni (83%).</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many followers does Buddhism have and where are they clustered?

<p>400 million, mainly found in China and Southeast Asia.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the Four Noble Truths?

<ol> <li>All living things must suffer. 2. Suffering is caused by a desire to live, leading to reincarnation. 3. The goal is to end the cycle of reincarnation and reach Nirvana. 4. Nirvana is attained through the Eightfold Path.</li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

What is the Eightfold Path?

<p>Rightness of belief, resolve, speech, action, livelihood, effort, thought, and meditation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why did Buddhism split into different branches?

<p>Disagreements on interpreting statements by the founder, Siddhartha Gautama.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the 3 branches of Buddhism?

<p>Mahayana, Theravada, and Tantrayana.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the correlation between secularism and development?

<p>The more secular a country is, the more developed it usually is.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the concept of local diversity vs. globalization apply to ethnic and universalizing religions?

<p>Universalizing religions globalize while ethnic religions attempt to preserve their religion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How are ethnic religions dispersed?

<p>They are very clustered, with Judaism being an exception.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the oldest religion?

<p>Hinduism - 6000 years old.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where is Hinduism's hearth?

<p>Indus River Valley (Pakistan).</p> Signup and view all the answers

How did Hinduism diffuse?

<p>Through relocation and migration.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the correlation between urbanization and religiosity?

<p>The more urbanized a place is, the less religious it usually is.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do rural areas view religion?

<p>They are very conservative about religion and politics.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where did all the great faiths trace their hearth?

<p>Jerusalem.</p> Signup and view all the answers

When did the great faiths arise?

<p>After the first agricultural revolution.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Do ethnic religions seek converts?

<p>No.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Can someone be a member of the cultural group but not follow the religion?

<p>Yes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do holidays differ between ethnic and universalizing religions?

<p>Universalizing religions' holidays are based on the founder's life, while ethnic religions' holidays are based on seasonal events.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How did Hinduism affect the natural landscape?

<p>They built temples to honor one or more gods and try to disturb the natural environment as little as possible.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why do Hindus practice cremation?

<p>To prevent strain on the wood supply and as an act of purification.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is Ganesh?

<p>The Hindu elephant symbol.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the first monotheistic religion in the world?

<p>Judaism.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who is the founder of Islam, Christianity, and Judaism?

<p>Abraham.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the 3 branches of Judaism?

<p>Orthodox, Conservative, and Reform.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the one universalizing religion that does not try to convert?

<p>Sikhism.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How are universalizing religions dispersed?

<p>Globally.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Universalizing Religion

A religion that seeks to appeal to all people, regardless of location.

Ethnic Religion

A religion primarily tied to a specific group and location, preserving cultural identity.

Christianity

A major universalizing religion, with diverse branches.

Islam

A universalizing religion centered in the Middle East and Northern Africa.

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Buddhism

A universalizing religion with roots in India, widely practiced in Asia.

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Five Pillars of Islam

The five core practices of Islam: Iman, Salah, Zakah, Sawm, and Hajj.

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Iman (Islam)

The belief that life's purpose is to obey God.

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Salah (Islam)

Daily prayers in Islam.

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Zakah (Islam)

Giving a portion of wealth for charity in Islam.

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Sawm (Islam)

Fasting during Ramadan in Islam.

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Hajj (Islam)

Pilgrimage to Mecca in Islam.

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Branches of Islam

Main divisions within Islam.

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Four Noble Truths (Buddhism)

Essential principles of suffering and enlightenment in Buddhism.

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Eightfold Path (Buddhism)

The path to achieving Nirvana in Buddhism.

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Hinduism's Origin

A very old religion originating in the Indus River Valley (now Pakistan).

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Judaism

The world's first monotheistic religion, founded by Abraham.

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Secularism and Development

A trend where secular countries generally tend to be more developed.

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Universalizing vs. Ethnic Holidays

Universalizing holidays celebrate the founder’s life, while ethnic holidays honor seasonal events.

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Branches of Judaism

Three major branches of Judaism (Orthodox, Conservative, and Reform).

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Sikhism

A universalizing religion that does not actively seek converts.

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Religious Branches

Subdivisions stemming from major religions.

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Globalization

The worldwide spread of religious and cultural ideas, products, and practices.

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Hinduism's Temples

Places of worship in Hinduism, often aligned with environmental concerns.

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Study Notes

Universalizing vs. Ethnic Religions

  • Universalizing religions aim for a global reach, appealing to all people regardless of location.
  • Ethnic religions are primarily tied to a specific group and location, seeking to maintain cultural identity.

Main Universalizing Religions

  • Christianity, Islam, and Buddhism are the three predominant universalizing religions.

Christianity's Influence

  • Christianity has the most followers globally and is the most widespread religion.
  • In SW and Eastern Europe, Roman Catholicism is the dominant faith.
  • Protestantism prevails in NW Europe, while Eastern Orthodoxy is prominent in East and SE Europe.

Religious Divisions

  • Religions are organized into branches, then denominations, and finally sects.
  • There are 14 self-governing churches within Eastern Orthodoxy.

Catholicism in Latin America

  • 93% of the Latin American population identifies as Roman Catholic.

Christianity in the United States

  • Baptist congregations are concentrated in the Southeast, Lutherans in the Upper Midwest, and Catholics in the Northeast.

Islam's Presence

  • Islam is predominantly found in the Middle East, Northern Africa, and Central Asia.
  • The Arabic term "Islam" translates to "submission to the will of God."

The Five Pillars of Islam

  • Iman: Life's purpose is to obey God.
  • Salah: Mandatory prayer five times daily.
  • Zakah: Recognition that everything belongs to God.
  • Sawm: Fasting from dawn to dusk during Ramadan.
  • Hajj: Pilgrimage to Makkah.

Branches of Islam

  • The two main branches of Islam are Sunni (83%) and Shiite (16%).

Buddhism Overview

  • Buddhism has around 400 million followers, mainly in China and Southeast Asia.

Four Noble Truths of Buddhism

  • All living things suffer.
  • Suffering arises from the desire to live and leads to reincarnation.
  • The ultimate goal is to end the cycle of reincarnation and achieve Nirvana.
  • Blissful Nirvana is attained through following the Eightfold Path.

The Eightfold Path

  • Comprises right belief, resolve, speech, action, livelihood, effort, thought, and meditation.

Buddhism's Splintering

  • Different branches of Buddhism emerged due to varying interpretations of Siddhartha Gautama's teachings.
  • Major branches include Mahayana, Theravada, and Tantrayana.

Secularism and Development

  • A correlation exists where more secular countries tend to be more developed.

Globalization versus Local Diversity

  • Universalizing religions promote global expansion, whereas ethnic religions focus on preservation and cultural continuity.

Ethnic Religion Dispersion

  • Ethnic religions are often geographically clustered, with Judaism being an exception.

Hinduism's Age and Origin

  • Hinduism, the oldest religion at about 6,000 years old, originated in the Indus River Valley (now Pakistan).
  • Hindu diffusion occurred through relocation and migration, with Islam replacing Hinduism in some regions.

Urbanization and Religiosity

  • Increased urbanization is associated with decreased religious observance.

Rural Religious Perspectives

  • Rural communities generally exhibit conservative views toward religion and politics.

Origins of Major Faiths

  • All major world religions trace their origins to Jerusalem, arising after the first agricultural revolution.

Ethnic vs. Universalizing Holidays

  • Universalizing religion holidays are based on the founder's life, while ethnic religions celebrate seasonal events, such as harvest times.

Hinduism and the Natural Landscape

  • Hindus build temples for numerous gods while striving to minimize environmental impact.

Cremation in Hinduism

  • Cremation is practiced to conserve wood supplies and symbolizes purification, releasing the soul from the body—exceptions include diseased individuals and children.

Ganesh in Hinduism

  • Ganesh, depicted with an elephant head, symbolizes wisdom and understanding, characterized by large ears and a small mouth.

Judaism's Significance

  • Judaism is recognized as the world's first monotheistic religion, founded by Abraham.

Branches of Judaism

  • The three branches include Orthodox (most strict), Conservative, and Reform.

Sikhism's Unique Position

  • Sikhism is a universalizing religion that does not actively seek converts.

Global Dispersion of Universalizing Religions

  • Universalizing religions are spread globally, contrasting with the more localized nature of ethnic religions.

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Test your knowledge of the key concepts related to religion in AP Human Geography. This quiz covers the distinctions between universalizing and ethnic religions, as well as the main universalizing religions. Perfect for students preparing for exams and wanting to deepen their understanding of religious geography.

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