AP Human Geography Chapter 7 Flashcards

Questions and Answers

What was apartheid?

Laws in South Africa that physically separated different races into different geographic areas.

What is Balkanization?

The process by which a state breaks down through conflicts among its ethnicities.

What does it mean for an area to be Balkanized?

A small geographic area that could not successfully be organized into one or more stable states due to many ethnicities with antagonisms.

What is blockbusting?

A process by which real estate agents convince white property owners to sell their houses at low prices due to fear of black families moving into the neighborhood. Signup and view all the answers

What is a centripetal force?

An attitude that tends to unify people and enhance support for a state. Signup and view all the answers

What is ethnic cleansing?

Process in which a more powerful ethnic group forcibly removes a less powerful one to create an ethnically homogeneous region. Signup and view all the answers

What defines ethnicity?

Identity with a group of people sharing distinct physical and mental traits from common heredity and cultural traditions. Signup and view all the answers

What is a multi-ethnic state?

A state that contains more than one ethnicity. Signup and view all the answers

What is a multinational state?

A state that contains two or more ethnic groups with traditions of self-determination that agree to coexist peacefully. Signup and view all the answers

What is nationalism?

Loyalty and devotion to a particular nationality. Signup and view all the answers

What is nationality?

Identity with a group of people that share legal attachment and personal allegiance to a particular place. Signup and view all the answers

What is a nation-state?

A state whose territory corresponds to that occupied by a particular ethnicity transformed into a nationality. Signup and view all the answers

What is race?

Identity with a group of people descended from a common ancestor. Signup and view all the answers

What is racism?

Belief that race is the primary determinant of human traits and capacities, leading to superiority of a particular race. Signup and view all the answers

What defines a racist?

A person who subscribes to the beliefs of racism. Signup and view all the answers

What is self-determination?

Concept that ethnicities have the right to govern themselves. Signup and view all the answers

What is a sharecropper?

A person who works fields rented from a landowner and pays rent through a share of the crops. Signup and view all the answers

What was the triangular slave trade?

A practice where European ships transported slaves from Africa to Caribbean islands, molasses to Europe, and trade goods to Africa. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Apartheid

Laws in South Africa that enforced racial segregation, no longer in effect.
Promoted physical separation of different races into distinct geographic areas.

Balkanization

The disintegration of a state due to conflicts among various ethnic groups.
Historically exemplified by the fragmentation of the Ottoman Empire.

Balkanized

Describes a geographic area unable to form stable states due to ethnic diversity and longstanding hostilities.
Israel is highlighted as a notable example of a Balkanized region.

Blockbusting

A real estate practice that pressures white homeowners to sell at low prices, instilling fear of incoming black families.
Predominantly occurred in the U.S. during the 1960s and 1970s.

Centripetal Force

An attitude or factor that promotes unity and support within a state.
Exemplified by the surge of national unity in America following the events of 9/11.

Ethnic Cleansing

A violent process where a dominant ethnic group removes a minority group to create an ethnically homogeneous area.
Infamously practiced during the Rwandan genocide.

Ethnicity

An identity linked to a group sharing distinct physical and cultural traits due to common heritage.
Judaism serves as a significant example of ethnicity.

Multi-ethnic State

A state home to multiple ethnic groups.
Rwanda is recognized as a multi-ethnic state.

Multinational State

A state comprising two or more ethnic groups that coexist peacefully, acknowledging each other’s distinctiveness.
Russia exemplifies a multinational state.

Nationalism

A strong loyalty and devotion to a particular nationality.
Manifested in the United States post-9/11 as a rallying point for national identity.

Nationality

Identity based on a legal attachment or personal allegiance to a specific place, often linked to birthplace.
Example: A person born in Cuba is typically identified as Cuban.

Nation-state

A state whose territory closely aligns with that of a specific ethnicity, recognized as a nationality.
Estonia is a notable instance of a nation-state.

Race

Identification based on descent from a common ancestor.
The U.S. is characterized by a variety of races.

Racism

The belief that race significantly influences human traits and capacities, often leading to perceptions of racial superiority.
While less prevalent than in the past, racism persists in various forms.

Racist

An individual who adheres to racist beliefs.
Racists were notably prevalent in Germany during World War II.

Self-determination

The concept that ethnic groups possess the right to govern themselves.
Many independent ethnicities advocate for self-determination.

Sharecropper

An individual who cultivates land rented from a landowner, compensating with a share of the crop produced.
Typically associated with poverty and economic disadvantage.

Triangular Slave Trade

An 18th-century trade practice where European ships transported slaves from Africa to the Caribbean, molasses to Europe, and goods back to Africa.
This trade system largely diminished after the American Civil War.

Studying That Suits You

Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

Description

Test your knowledge on key concepts from Chapter 7 of AP Human Geography. This quiz includes essential terms such as Apartheid and Balkanization, helping you understand spatial organization and ethnic conflicts. Perfect for review before your exams!