Questions and Answers
What was apartheid?
Laws in South Africa that physically separated different races into different geographic areas.
What is Balkanization?
The process by which a state breaks down through conflicts among its ethnicities.
What does it mean for an area to be Balkanized?
A small geographic area that could not successfully be organized into one or more stable states due to many ethnicities with antagonisms.
What is blockbusting?
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What is a centripetal force?
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What is ethnic cleansing?
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What defines ethnicity?
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What is a multi-ethnic state?
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What is a multinational state?
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What is nationalism?
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What is nationality?
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What is a nation-state?
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What is race?
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What is racism?
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What defines a racist?
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What is self-determination?
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What is a sharecropper?
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What was the triangular slave trade?
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Study Notes
Apartheid
- Laws in South Africa that enforced racial segregation, no longer in effect.
- Promoted physical separation of different races into distinct geographic areas.
Balkanization
- The disintegration of a state due to conflicts among various ethnic groups.
- Historically exemplified by the fragmentation of the Ottoman Empire.
Balkanized
- Describes a geographic area unable to form stable states due to ethnic diversity and longstanding hostilities.
- Israel is highlighted as a notable example of a Balkanized region.
Blockbusting
- A real estate practice that pressures white homeowners to sell at low prices, instilling fear of incoming black families.
- Predominantly occurred in the U.S. during the 1960s and 1970s.
Centripetal Force
- An attitude or factor that promotes unity and support within a state.
- Exemplified by the surge of national unity in America following the events of 9/11.
Ethnic Cleansing
- A violent process where a dominant ethnic group removes a minority group to create an ethnically homogeneous area.
- Infamously practiced during the Rwandan genocide.
Ethnicity
- An identity linked to a group sharing distinct physical and cultural traits due to common heritage.
- Judaism serves as a significant example of ethnicity.
Multi-ethnic State
- A state home to multiple ethnic groups.
- Rwanda is recognized as a multi-ethnic state.
Multinational State
- A state comprising two or more ethnic groups that coexist peacefully, acknowledging each other’s distinctiveness.
- Russia exemplifies a multinational state.
Nationalism
- A strong loyalty and devotion to a particular nationality.
- Manifested in the United States post-9/11 as a rallying point for national identity.
Nationality
- Identity based on a legal attachment or personal allegiance to a specific place, often linked to birthplace.
- Example: A person born in Cuba is typically identified as Cuban.
Nation-state
- A state whose territory closely aligns with that of a specific ethnicity, recognized as a nationality.
- Estonia is a notable instance of a nation-state.
Race
- Identification based on descent from a common ancestor.
- The U.S. is characterized by a variety of races.
Racism
- The belief that race significantly influences human traits and capacities, often leading to perceptions of racial superiority.
- While less prevalent than in the past, racism persists in various forms.
Racist
- An individual who adheres to racist beliefs.
- Racists were notably prevalent in Germany during World War II.
Self-determination
- The concept that ethnic groups possess the right to govern themselves.
- Many independent ethnicities advocate for self-determination.
Sharecropper
- An individual who cultivates land rented from a landowner, compensating with a share of the crop produced.
- Typically associated with poverty and economic disadvantage.
Triangular Slave Trade
- An 18th-century trade practice where European ships transported slaves from Africa to the Caribbean, molasses to Europe, and goods back to Africa.
- This trade system largely diminished after the American Civil War.
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Description
Test your knowledge on key concepts from Chapter 7 of AP Human Geography. This quiz includes essential terms such as Apartheid and Balkanization, helping you understand spatial organization and ethnic conflicts. Perfect for review before your exams!