AP Human Geography Chapter 7 Flashcards
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Questions and Answers

What was apartheid?

Laws in South Africa that physically separated different races into different geographic areas.

What is Balkanization?

The process by which a state breaks down through conflicts among its ethnicities.

What does it mean for an area to be Balkanized?

A small geographic area that could not successfully be organized into one or more stable states due to many ethnicities with antagonisms.

What is blockbusting?

<p>A process by which real estate agents convince white property owners to sell their houses at low prices due to fear of black families moving into the neighborhood.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a centripetal force?

<p>An attitude that tends to unify people and enhance support for a state.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is ethnic cleansing?

<p>Process in which a more powerful ethnic group forcibly removes a less powerful one to create an ethnically homogeneous region.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What defines ethnicity?

<p>Identity with a group of people sharing distinct physical and mental traits from common heredity and cultural traditions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a multi-ethnic state?

<p>A state that contains more than one ethnicity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a multinational state?

<p>A state that contains two or more ethnic groups with traditions of self-determination that agree to coexist peacefully.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is nationalism?

<p>Loyalty and devotion to a particular nationality.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is nationality?

<p>Identity with a group of people that share legal attachment and personal allegiance to a particular place.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a nation-state?

<p>A state whose territory corresponds to that occupied by a particular ethnicity transformed into a nationality.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is race?

<p>Identity with a group of people descended from a common ancestor.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is racism?

<p>Belief that race is the primary determinant of human traits and capacities, leading to superiority of a particular race.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What defines a racist?

<p>A person who subscribes to the beliefs of racism.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is self-determination?

<p>Concept that ethnicities have the right to govern themselves.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a sharecropper?

<p>A person who works fields rented from a landowner and pays rent through a share of the crops.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the triangular slave trade?

<p>A practice where European ships transported slaves from Africa to Caribbean islands, molasses to Europe, and trade goods to Africa.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Apartheid

  • Laws in South Africa that enforced racial segregation, no longer in effect.
  • Promoted physical separation of different races into distinct geographic areas.

Balkanization

  • The disintegration of a state due to conflicts among various ethnic groups.
  • Historically exemplified by the fragmentation of the Ottoman Empire.

Balkanized

  • Describes a geographic area unable to form stable states due to ethnic diversity and longstanding hostilities.
  • Israel is highlighted as a notable example of a Balkanized region.

Blockbusting

  • A real estate practice that pressures white homeowners to sell at low prices, instilling fear of incoming black families.
  • Predominantly occurred in the U.S. during the 1960s and 1970s.

Centripetal Force

  • An attitude or factor that promotes unity and support within a state.
  • Exemplified by the surge of national unity in America following the events of 9/11.

Ethnic Cleansing

  • A violent process where a dominant ethnic group removes a minority group to create an ethnically homogeneous area.
  • Infamously practiced during the Rwandan genocide.

Ethnicity

  • An identity linked to a group sharing distinct physical and cultural traits due to common heritage.
  • Judaism serves as a significant example of ethnicity.

Multi-ethnic State

  • A state home to multiple ethnic groups.
  • Rwanda is recognized as a multi-ethnic state.

Multinational State

  • A state comprising two or more ethnic groups that coexist peacefully, acknowledging each other’s distinctiveness.
  • Russia exemplifies a multinational state.

Nationalism

  • A strong loyalty and devotion to a particular nationality.
  • Manifested in the United States post-9/11 as a rallying point for national identity.

Nationality

  • Identity based on a legal attachment or personal allegiance to a specific place, often linked to birthplace.
  • Example: A person born in Cuba is typically identified as Cuban.

Nation-state

  • A state whose territory closely aligns with that of a specific ethnicity, recognized as a nationality.
  • Estonia is a notable instance of a nation-state.

Race

  • Identification based on descent from a common ancestor.
  • The U.S. is characterized by a variety of races.

Racism

  • The belief that race significantly influences human traits and capacities, often leading to perceptions of racial superiority.
  • While less prevalent than in the past, racism persists in various forms.

Racist

  • An individual who adheres to racist beliefs.
  • Racists were notably prevalent in Germany during World War II.

Self-determination

  • The concept that ethnic groups possess the right to govern themselves.
  • Many independent ethnicities advocate for self-determination.

Sharecropper

  • An individual who cultivates land rented from a landowner, compensating with a share of the crop produced.
  • Typically associated with poverty and economic disadvantage.

Triangular Slave Trade

  • An 18th-century trade practice where European ships transported slaves from Africa to the Caribbean, molasses to Europe, and goods back to Africa.
  • This trade system largely diminished after the American Civil War.

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Test your knowledge on key concepts from Chapter 7 of AP Human Geography. This quiz includes essential terms such as Apartheid and Balkanization, helping you understand spatial organization and ethnic conflicts. Perfect for review before your exams!

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