Podcast
Questions and Answers
What was the main reason several thousand Haitians migrated to the United States?
What was the main reason several thousand Haitians migrated to the United States?
- Economic advancement (correct)
- Education opportunities
- Family reunification
- Political asylum
US immigration officials allowed Haitians aboard boats to stay in the United States.
US immigration officials allowed Haitians aboard boats to stay in the United States.
False (B)
In what year did the Vietnam War end?
In what year did the Vietnam War end?
1975
Why were several thousand people evacuated from Saigon after the Vietnam War?
Why were several thousand people evacuated from Saigon after the Vietnam War?
What is an intervening obstacle?
What is an intervening obstacle?
How do intervening obstacles play a role in physical geography?
How do intervening obstacles play a role in physical geography?
How do intervening obstacles play a role in transportation?
How do intervening obstacles play a role in transportation?
How do intervening obstacles affect political concerns/laws?
How do intervening obstacles affect political concerns/laws?
What did the Quota Act (1921) and the National Origins Act (1924) do?
What did the Quota Act (1921) and the National Origins Act (1924) do?
How did US quotas favor immigration from certain regions?
How did US quotas favor immigration from certain regions?
How did the Immigration Act of 1965 change existing quota laws?
How did the Immigration Act of 1965 change existing quota laws?
How were immigration laws further changed in 1978 and 1990?
How were immigration laws further changed in 1978 and 1990?
What preferences does US immigration law give to certain groups?
What preferences does US immigration law give to certain groups?
What is brain drain?
What is brain drain?
What is chain migration?
What is chain migration?
What are unauthorized immigrants?
What are unauthorized immigrants?
Where do most unauthorized immigrants to the US come from?
Where do most unauthorized immigrants to the US come from?
What is the estimated number of unauthorized immigrants in the US?
What is the estimated number of unauthorized immigrants in the US?
What percent of unauthorized immigrants have stayed in the US for 15 or more years?
What percent of unauthorized immigrants have stayed in the US for 15 or more years?
How many million unauthorized immigrants are in the American workforce?
How many million unauthorized immigrants are in the American workforce?
What areas of work do most unauthorized immigrants work in?
What areas of work do most unauthorized immigrants work in?
How did the 1986 Immigration Reform and Control Act attempt to change the status of some illegal immigrants?
How did the 1986 Immigration Reform and Control Act attempt to change the status of some illegal immigrants?
In the past, which gender migrated more?
In the past, which gender migrated more?
Where do most migrants come from?
Where do most migrants come from?
What are the US's attitudes toward immigrants?
What are the US's attitudes toward immigrants?
What are European attitudes toward immigrants/guest workers?
What are European attitudes toward immigrants/guest workers?
What were some causes of European immigration to the United States?
What were some causes of European immigration to the United States?
What were some important effects of European immigration to the US?
What were some important effects of European immigration to the US?
What are Ravenstein's laws of migration?
What are Ravenstein's laws of migration?
Where did historic US migration go?
Where did historic US migration go?
When did black migration to northern cities occur?
When did black migration to northern cities occur?
Where did many Cubans migrate during the 1950s and 60s?
Where did many Cubans migrate during the 1950s and 60s?
What recent migration trend has occurred from the Rust Belt?
What recent migration trend has occurred from the Rust Belt?
As of 1960, what percent of immigrants to the US were Europeans?
As of 1960, what percent of immigrants to the US were Europeans?
Who were the largest sources of immigration for a brief time in the 1980s?
Who were the largest sources of immigration for a brief time in the 1980s?
What is another term for internal migration?
What is another term for internal migration?
What are characteristics of guest workers?
What are characteristics of guest workers?
What do most foreign workers in Europe do?
What do most foreign workers in Europe do?
Where do most guest workers in Europe come from?
Where do most guest workers in Europe come from?
How do many Western Europeans feel about guest workers?
How do many Western Europeans feel about guest workers?
What happened to Palestinian guest workers after the 1991 Gulf War?
What happened to Palestinian guest workers after the 1991 Gulf War?
When did millions of Asians migrate as laborers?
When did millions of Asians migrate as laborers?
What did the US government regard emigrants from Cuba as?
What did the US government regard emigrants from Cuba as?
What is the principal obstacle traditionally faced by migrants to other countries?
What is the principal obstacle traditionally faced by migrants to other countries?
How were the conditions on the ships during migration historically?
How were the conditions on the ships during migration historically?
What are major obstacles for immigrants today?
What are major obstacles for immigrants today?
How do most immigrants travel nowadays?
How do most immigrants travel nowadays?
What two major difficulties do immigrants face upon entering a new country?
What two major difficulties do immigrants face upon entering a new country?
What policies to control the arrival of foreigners seeking work have most countries adopted?
What policies to control the arrival of foreigners seeking work have most countries adopted?
When did the era of unrestricted immigration to the US end?
When did the era of unrestricted immigration to the US end?
What is a quota?
What is a quota?
What was the number of immigrants from the Eastern Hemisphere yearly?
What was the number of immigrants from the Eastern Hemisphere yearly?
What were quota laws designed to do?
What were quota laws designed to do?
What percentage did Asians account for during the late 19th and early 20th centuries?
What percentage did Asians account for during the late 19th and early 20th centuries?
What happened to quotas in 1978?
What happened to quotas in 1978?
What is the current global quota for immigrants?
What is the current global quota for immigrants?
About how many immigrants are admitted to reunify families?
About how many immigrants are admitted to reunify families?
Does the quota apply to refugees?
Does the quota apply to refugees?
Who is admitted without limit under US immigration laws?
Who is admitted without limit under US immigration laws?
From what region do most skilled workers come?
From what region do most skilled workers come?
Which state has the largest percentage of unauthorized immigrants?
Which state has the largest percentage of unauthorized immigrants?
How long is the US-Mexico border?
How long is the US-Mexico border?
What percent of immigrants are young adults?
What percent of immigrants are young adults?
What is an undocumented immigrant?
What is an undocumented immigrant?
What is the term illegal alien?
What is the term illegal alien?
What is the preferred term for unauthorized immigrants?
What is the preferred term for unauthorized immigrants?
What is the principal obstacle traditionally faced by migrants to other countries?
What is the principal obstacle traditionally faced by migrants to other countries?
How were the conditions of the ships historical migrants used?
How were the conditions of the ships historical migrants used?
What are the major obstacles for immigrants today?
What are the major obstacles for immigrants today?
How do most immigrants travel nowadays?
How do most immigrants travel nowadays?
What two major difficulties do immigrants face upon entering a new country?
What two major difficulties do immigrants face upon entering a new country?
What two policies to control the arrival of foreigners seeking work have most countries adopted?
What two policies to control the arrival of foreigners seeking work have most countries adopted?
When did the era of unrestricted immigration to the US end?
When did the era of unrestricted immigration to the US end?
What is a quota?
What is a quota?
What was the number of immigrants from the Eastern Hemisphere yearly?
What was the number of immigrants from the Eastern Hemisphere yearly?
What were quota laws designed to do?
What were quota laws designed to do?
What percentage did Asians account for during the late 19th and early 20th centuries?
What percentage did Asians account for during the late 19th and early 20th centuries?
What happened to quotas in 1978?
What happened to quotas in 1978?
What is the current global quota for immigrants?
What is the current global quota for immigrants?
About how many immigrants are admitted to reunify families?
About how many immigrants are admitted to reunify families?
Does the quota apply to refugees?
Does the quota apply to refugees?
Who is admitted without limit under US immigration laws?
Who is admitted without limit under US immigration laws?
From what region do most skilled workers come?
From what region do most skilled workers come?
Which state has the largest percentage of unauthorized immigrants?
Which state has the largest percentage of unauthorized immigrants?
How long is the US-Mexico border?
How long is the US-Mexico border?
What percent of immigrants are young adults?
What percent of immigrants are young adults?
What is an undocumented immigrant?
What is an undocumented immigrant?
What is the term illegal alien?
What is the term illegal alien?
What is the preferred term for unauthorized immigrants?
What is the preferred term for unauthorized immigrants?
What is the principal obstacle traditionally faced by migrants to other countries?
What is the principal obstacle traditionally faced by migrants to other countries?
How were the conditions of the ships historical migrants used?
How were the conditions of the ships historical migrants used?
What are the major obstacles for immigrants today?
What are the major obstacles for immigrants today?
How do most immigrants travel nowadays?
How do most immigrants travel nowadays?
What two major difficulties do immigrants face upon entering a new country?
What two major difficulties do immigrants face upon entering a new country?
What two policies to control the arrival of foreigners seeking work have most countries adopted?
What two policies to control the arrival of foreigners seeking work have most countries adopted?
When did the era of unrestricted immigration to the US end?
When did the era of unrestricted immigration to the US end?
What is a quota?
What is a quota?
What was the number of immigrants from the Eastern Hemisphere yearly?
What was the number of immigrants from the Eastern Hemisphere yearly?
What were quota laws designed to do?
What were quota laws designed to do?
What percentage did Asians account for during the late 19th and early 20th centuries?
What percentage did Asians account for during the late 19th and early 20th centuries?
Study Notes
Intervening Obstacles
- Intervening obstacles are environmental or political features that hinder migration.
- Physical geography obstacles like mountains and deserts have diminished due to advancements in transportation.
- Transportation costs can still impede migration opportunities for many individuals.
- Political and legal barriers have increased, with stricter immigration laws making it challenging for migrants.
Historical Quota Laws in the U.S.
- Quota Act (1921) and National Origins Act (1924) established immigration limits from specific areas.
- Initial quotas favored northern and western Europeans, with significant Latin American immigration due to earlier eastern hemisphere restrictions.
- Immigration Act of 1965 transitioned to hemispheric quotas.
- Quotas were adjusted: in 1978 a global quota of 290,000 was set, and in 1990 raised to 700,000, with a cap of 20,000 from any single country.
Immigration Preferences and Trends
- U.S. immigration law prioritizes family reunification, skilled workers, and individuals from countries with low immigration rates for diversity.
- Brain drain refers to the emigration of highly skilled professionals from their home countries.
- Chain migration involves immigrants following family or prior emigrants to new locations, often leading to concentrated communities.
- Unauthorized immigrants, especially prevalent from Mexico, make up a significant portion of the immigrant population.
Unauthorized Immigration Statistics
- Approximately 11.2 million unauthorized immigrants reside in the U.S., including 1 million children.
- Historical trends show that a large percentage of unauthorized immigrants have resided in the U.S. for over 15 years.
- Unauthorized immigrants often work in construction and hospitality sectors, with California and Texas having the highest numbers.
Immigration Laws and Changes
- The 1986 Immigration Reform and Control Act aimed to legalize certain undocumented immigrants.
- Gender trends have shifted over time, with more females migrating than in the past.
- Current perspectives on migration highlight the necessity of immigration but vary significantly between the U.S. and Europe, with the latter showing more restrictions.
Causes and Effects of Migration
- European immigration to the U.S. was driven by factors such as poverty, war, and religious persecution, leading to significant cultural and linguistic impacts in the U.S.
- Ravenstein’s laws of migration summarize key trends such as predominantly male immigrants and urban-to-urban movement.
Guest Workers and Internal Migration
- Guest workers fill labor needs in various countries, often sending remittances home.
- The situation of guest workers varies geographically, with many in precarious social conditions.
- Internal migration in the U.S. occurs primarily in search of better farmland or economic opportunities.
Historical Context of Migration
- The era of unrestricted immigration to the U.S. ended with the introduction of quota systems in 1921 and refined by subsequent laws.
- The U.S. recognized certain groups as refugees, notably Cubans due to political circumstances, while others, like Haitians, faced barriers based on both political and economic reasons.
Regional Migration Patterns
- Migration trends include a shift from the Rust Belt to the Sun Belt in more recent decades.
- The U.S.-Mexico border spans 1951 miles, with barriers only covering a fraction of this distance.
Definition Clarifications
- Terms related to undocumented immigrants differ, with "unauthorized immigrant" being preferred by academics, while "illegal alien" is often used by those advocating for tighter immigration controls.
- Most immigrants in the U.S. are young adults, particularly between ages 25 and 39, highlighting a youthful demographic influx.
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Description
Test your knowledge on key concepts from Chapter 3 of AP Human Geography. This quiz focuses on intervening obstacles and their impact on migration due to physical geography. Review important definitions and improve your understanding of migration dynamics.
