AP Human Geography Chapter 3 Flashcards

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Questions and Answers

What is migration?

Traveling within a city

Moving from one country to another without permanent relocation

A permanent move to a new location (correct)

A temporary visit to another location

What is emigration?

Migration from a location

What is immigration?

Migration to a location

What does net migration indicate?

The difference between the number of immigrants and the number of emigrants Signup and view all the answers

What is net in-migration?

Positive net migration where the number of immigrants exceeds the emigrants Signup and view all the answers

What is net out-migration?

Negative net migration where the number of emigrants exceeds the immigrants Signup and view all the answers

What does mobility encompass?

All types of movements from one place to another Signup and view all the answers

Define circulation in the context of geography.

Short-term, repetitive, or cyclical movements that recur on a regular basis Signup and view all the answers

What is a push factor?

Induces people to move out of their present location Signup and view all the answers

What is a pull factor?

Induces people to move into a new location Signup and view all the answers

Who are refugees?

People who have been forced to migrate from their home country Signup and view all the answers

What is a floodplain?

The area of a river subject to flooding during a specific number of years Signup and view all the answers

What is an intervening obstacle?

An environmental or cultural feature that hinders migration Signup and view all the answers

Define international migration.

Permanent movement from one country to another Signup and view all the answers

What is internal migration?

Permanent movement within the same country Signup and view all the answers

What does interregional migration refer to?

Movement from one region of a country to another Signup and view all the answers

What is intraregional migration?

Movement within one region Signup and view all the answers

Define voluntary migration.

The migrant has chosen to move for economic improvement Signup and view all the answers

What is forced migration?

The migrant has been compelled to move by cultural factors Signup and view all the answers

What is meant by migration transition?

A change in the migration pattern in a society due to social and economic changes Signup and view all the answers

What does distance decay refer to?

The declining intensity of an activity with increasing distance from its point of origin Signup and view all the answers

What is the gravity model?

A model to predict spatial interaction based on population and distance Signup and view all the answers

What is migration selectivity?

The tendency for certain types of people to migrate Signup and view all the answers

What is a migration stream?

A well-defined migration channel from a specific origin to a particular destination Signup and view all the answers

What does migration counterstream mean?

Migration that runs opposite to a migration stream Signup and view all the answers

Define residuals in the context of migration.

The difference between an actual observed value and its predicted value using the gravity model Signup and view all the answers

What is a scatter diagram?

A scatter of dots showing the relationship between two variables Signup and view all the answers

What is chain migration?

The migration of people to a specific location because relatives migrated there Signup and view all the answers

Who are undocumented immigrants?

Those who immigrate illegally and enter a country without proper documents Signup and view all the answers

What are quotas in migration context?

Maximum limits on the number of people who could immigrate to the United States from each country Signup and view all the answers

What is brain drain?

Large-scale emigration by talented people Signup and view all the answers

What are guest workers?

Citizens of poor countries who obtain jobs in Western Europe and Southwest Asia Signup and view all the answers

What is counterurbanization?

Net migration from urban to rural areas Signup and view all the answers

What does the Immigration Reform and Control Act entail?

Aliens who could prove continuous residence in the U.S. from 1982-1987 could become permanent residents Signup and view all the answers

What did the quota act or national origins act establish?

Quotas for immigration limits from each country during a one-year period Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Migration Concepts

Migration: A permanent relocation to a different location.
Emigration: The act of leaving one location to reside in another.
Immigration: The act of coming into a new location from another.

Migration Patterns

Net Migration: Calculated by the difference between the number of immigrants and emigrants in a specific area.
Net In-Migration: Occurs when the number of immigrants surpasses emigrants, indicating a positive migration balance.
Net Out-Migration: Occurs when emigrants outnumber immigrants, resulting in a negative migration balance.

Types of Movement

Mobility: Represents all forms of movement across different locations.
Circulation: Involves short-term and repetitive movements that happen regularly, such as daily commuting.

Factors Influencing Migration

Push Factors: Elements that drive individuals away from their current location (e.g., conflict, lack of opportunities).
Pull Factors: Attractive features that draw individuals to a new location (e.g., job prospects, better quality of life).

Special Categories of Migrants

Refugees: Individuals forced to flee their home country due to fear of persecution related to race, religion, nationality, or political beliefs.
Undocumented Immigrants: Persons who enter a country illegally without the correct documentation.

Migration Dynamics

International Migration: Permanent relocation from one country to another.
Internal Migration: Permanent moves occurring within the same country's borders.
Interregional Migration: Movement between different regions of a country, while Intraregional Migration refers to movement within a single region.

Migration Types

Voluntary Migration: Movers who choose relocation primarily for economic improvements.
Forced Migration: Individuals compelled to move due to cultural or political factors.

Migration Theories and Models

Migration Transition: A societal shift in migration patterns tied to socioeconomic changes.
Distance Decay: Describes the decrease in interaction intensity as the distance from origin increases.
Gravity Model: Predicts spatial interaction based on population size and distance; larger populations attract more movement while proximity decreases interaction likelihood.

Migration Trends

Migration Selectivity: Specific demographic traits (age, education) tend to influence who migrates.
Migration Streams: Well-defined channels indicating movement from specific origins to destinations.
Counterstream: Migration that flows in the opposite direction of an established migration stream.

Additional Migration Concepts

Chain Migration: Movement facilitated by earlier family or nationality members who have already settled in a destination.
Brain Drain: Significant emigration of talented individuals from one country to another, often depleting skilled workforce.
Guest Workers: Individuals from less affluent nations who seek employment opportunities abroad, particularly in Western Europe and Southwest Asia.

Legislation and Policy

Quotas: Regulatory limits on the number of immigrants allowed from specific countries to the U.S. within a year.
Immigration Reform and Control Act: Legislation allowing certain undocumented immigrants to secure legal residency based on past residency evidence from 1982-1987, including provisions for seasonal agricultural workers.

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Test your knowledge with these flashcards covering key terms from Chapter 3 of AP Human Geography. Learn about migration, emigration, immigration, and net migration concepts. Perfect for quick reviews before exams!