Questions and Answers
What is migration?
What is emigration?
Migration from a location
What is immigration?
Migration to a location
What does net migration indicate?
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What is net in-migration?
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What is net out-migration?
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What does mobility encompass?
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Define circulation in the context of geography.
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What is a push factor?
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What is a pull factor?
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Who are refugees?
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What is a floodplain?
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What is an intervening obstacle?
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Define international migration.
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What is internal migration?
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What does interregional migration refer to?
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What is intraregional migration?
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Define voluntary migration.
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What is forced migration?
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What is meant by migration transition?
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What does distance decay refer to?
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What is the gravity model?
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What is migration selectivity?
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What is a migration stream?
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What does migration counterstream mean?
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Define residuals in the context of migration.
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What is a scatter diagram?
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What is chain migration?
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Who are undocumented immigrants?
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What are quotas in migration context?
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What is brain drain?
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What are guest workers?
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What is counterurbanization?
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What does the Immigration Reform and Control Act entail?
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What did the quota act or national origins act establish?
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Study Notes
Migration Concepts
- Migration: A permanent relocation to a different location.
- Emigration: The act of leaving one location to reside in another.
- Immigration: The act of coming into a new location from another.
Migration Patterns
- Net Migration: Calculated by the difference between the number of immigrants and emigrants in a specific area.
- Net In-Migration: Occurs when the number of immigrants surpasses emigrants, indicating a positive migration balance.
- Net Out-Migration: Occurs when emigrants outnumber immigrants, resulting in a negative migration balance.
Types of Movement
- Mobility: Represents all forms of movement across different locations.
- Circulation: Involves short-term and repetitive movements that happen regularly, such as daily commuting.
Factors Influencing Migration
- Push Factors: Elements that drive individuals away from their current location (e.g., conflict, lack of opportunities).
- Pull Factors: Attractive features that draw individuals to a new location (e.g., job prospects, better quality of life).
Special Categories of Migrants
- Refugees: Individuals forced to flee their home country due to fear of persecution related to race, religion, nationality, or political beliefs.
- Undocumented Immigrants: Persons who enter a country illegally without the correct documentation.
Migration Dynamics
- International Migration: Permanent relocation from one country to another.
- Internal Migration: Permanent moves occurring within the same country's borders.
- Interregional Migration: Movement between different regions of a country, while Intraregional Migration refers to movement within a single region.
Migration Types
- Voluntary Migration: Movers who choose relocation primarily for economic improvements.
- Forced Migration: Individuals compelled to move due to cultural or political factors.
Migration Theories and Models
- Migration Transition: A societal shift in migration patterns tied to socioeconomic changes.
- Distance Decay: Describes the decrease in interaction intensity as the distance from origin increases.
- Gravity Model: Predicts spatial interaction based on population size and distance; larger populations attract more movement while proximity decreases interaction likelihood.
Migration Trends
- Migration Selectivity: Specific demographic traits (age, education) tend to influence who migrates.
- Migration Streams: Well-defined channels indicating movement from specific origins to destinations.
- Counterstream: Migration that flows in the opposite direction of an established migration stream.
Additional Migration Concepts
- Chain Migration: Movement facilitated by earlier family or nationality members who have already settled in a destination.
- Brain Drain: Significant emigration of talented individuals from one country to another, often depleting skilled workforce.
- Guest Workers: Individuals from less affluent nations who seek employment opportunities abroad, particularly in Western Europe and Southwest Asia.
Legislation and Policy
- Quotas: Regulatory limits on the number of immigrants allowed from specific countries to the U.S. within a year.
- Immigration Reform and Control Act: Legislation allowing certain undocumented immigrants to secure legal residency based on past residency evidence from 1982-1987, including provisions for seasonal agricultural workers.
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Description
Test your knowledge with these flashcards covering key terms from Chapter 3 of AP Human Geography. Learn about migration, emigration, immigration, and net migration concepts. Perfect for quick reviews before exams!