AP Human Geography Chapter 12 Flashcards

Questions and Answers

What is a clustered rural settlement?

A community with isolated farms

An agricultural-based community where families live close together (correct)

Buildings clustered along a road

A community characterized by a central open space

What characterizes a dispersed rural settlement?

Walls surrounding the houses

Communication facilitated by rivers

Buildings clustered around a central area

Isolated farms (correct)

What is a circular rural settlement?

A settlement comprising a central open space surrounded by structures.

What is a linear rural settlement?

A settlement where buildings are clustered along a road or river. Signup and view all the answers

Why did New England colonists favor clustered settlements?

To reinforce common values and for defense Signup and view all the answers

What is the enclosure movement?

A consolidation of small farms into large ones in Great Britain between 1750 and 1850. Signup and view all the answers

What is urbanization?

The process by which the population of urban settlements grows. Signup and view all the answers

How do developed and developing countries differ in urban settlements?

Developed countries have a higher percentage of urban residents, while developing countries have larger urban settlements. Signup and view all the answers

What are three differences between urban and rural settlements?

Large size, high density, social heterogeneity. Signup and view all the answers

What social consequence arises from high density in urban settlements?

Specialization in different professions. Signup and view all the answers

What is social heterogeneity?

The variety of people in larger settlements. Signup and view all the answers

What is a City-State?

An independent self-governing community including a settlement and surrounding countryside. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Rural Settlements

Clustered Rural Settlement: Agricultural community where families live closely together, surrounded by fields, promoting social interaction and communal farming practices.
Dispersed Rural Settlement: Characteristic of North American rural areas, where farmers reside on individual farms, leading to isolation from neighbors.
Circular Rural Settlements: Features a central open area surrounded by buildings, creating a communal space for residents.
Linear Rural Settlements: Structures aligned along a transportation route (road, river, dike) to enhance communication and accessibility.

Historical Context

New England Colonists: Favor for clustered settlements was driven by group travel to the New World, desire for cultural reinforcement, and improved defense against Native American attacks.
Middle Atlantic Colonies: Dispersed rural settlements were prevalent, emphasizing isolated farm living over clustered village environments.

Agricultural Developments

Enclosure Movement (1750-1850): In Great Britain, this movement led to the consolidation of small farms into larger ones, viewed as more efficient for agriculture, resulting in many losing their homes during the Industrial Revolution.

Urbanization

Urbanization Definition: The growth of urban settlements in terms of both absolute population and the percentage of the total population residing in urban areas.
Developed vs. Developing Countries: Developed nations have higher urban resident percentages, while developing countries contain larger urban settlements.

Urban vs. Rural Distinctions

Size: Urban areas are larger, which fosters different social dynamics compared to rural counterparts.
Density: High population density necessitates specialization among urban residents, impacting social interactions and relationships.
Social Heterogeneity: Larger settlements exhibit increased diversity, allowing for greater freedom in lifestyle choices, professions, and cultural interests among urban dwellers.

City-State Definition

City-State: An autonomous self-governing entity encompassing a city and its surrounding countryside, historically significant in governance and urban development.

Description

Explore key concepts in AP Human Geography Chapter 12 with these flashcards. This quiz focuses on the definitions of clustered and dispersed rural settlements, essential for understanding rural geography. Test your knowledge and prepare for your exams with this effective study tool.