Questions and Answers
What is a clustered rural settlement?
An agricultural-based community where a number of families live in close proximity to each other, with fields surrounding the collection of houses and farm buildings.
What characterizes a dispersed rural settlement?
Farmers living on individual farms isolated from neighbors rather than alongside other farmers.
What are circular rural settlements?
Settlements like Kraal villages in sub-Saharan Africa and Gewandorf settlements in rural Germany.
What comprises a linear rural settlement?
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Why did New England colonists favor clustered settlements?
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What groups settled the Middle Atlantic colonies?
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What was the enclosure movement?
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Before the establishment of permanent settlements, what did people live as?
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What may have prompted the establishment of early consumer services?
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What followed religious activities in the development of early permanent settlements?
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What were business services in early settlements?
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Where did the earliest urban settlements originate?
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When were ancient urban settlements first established?
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When did medieval urban settlements begin to revive?
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What is urbanization?
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Developing countries have a lower percentage of urban residents compared to developed countries.
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What are the differences between urban and rural settlements?
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What is meant by large size in the context of settlements?
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What does high density imply for urban residents?
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What is social heterogeneity?
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Study Notes
Rural Settlements
- Clustered Rural Settlement: An agricultural community where families live near each other, surrounded by fields, fostering social interaction.
- Dispersed Rural Settlement: Characteristic of North America, where individual farms are isolated, promoting independence among farmers rather than clustered living.
- Circular Rural Settlements: Found in Kraal villages in sub-Saharan Africa and historically in Gewandorf settlements in rural Germany.
- Linear Rural Settlements: Buildings are arranged along a road or river to enhance communication and accessibility.
Colonial Settlement Patterns
- New England Colonists: Preferred clustered settlements to maintain cultural and religious values and for enhanced defense against Native American attacks.
- Middle Atlantic Colonies: Established by a diverse array of groups, leading to varied settlement patterns.
Agricultural and Social Developments
- Enclosure Movement (1750-1850): In Great Britain, this period favored dispersed settlements for agricultural efficiency over clustered living.
- Pre-Permanent Settlements: People lived as nomads prior to the establishment of fixed service centers.
Early Settlement Services
- Early Consumer Services: Initial permanent settlements arose to provide essential services, such as burial sites.
- Early Public Services: Developed alongside religious activities, forming the backbone of early permanent settlements.
- Business Services: Settlements relied on communal hunting and gathering for food supply.
Urbanization and Settlement Evolution
- Earliest Urban Settlements: Emerged in Mesopotamia around the Fertile Crescent, with early diffusion to Egypt, China, and the Indus Valley.
- Ancient Urban Settlements: Established around 2500 B.C. in the eastern Mediterranean region.
- Medieval Urban Settlements: Urban life began revitalizing in Europe during the 11th century, with new settlements established by feudal lords.
Urbanization Dynamics
- Urbanization: Refers to the growth of urban populations, which includes both an increase in numbers and a higher percentage of urban dwellers.
- Population Trends: Developed countries have a greater proportion of urban residents, while developing countries host larger urban settlements.
Urban vs. Rural Settlements
- Differences: Distinguished by large size, high density, and social heterogeneity.
- Large Size: Rural residents typically know their neighbors well, whereas urban residents may not have the same level of familiarity.
- High Density: Creates social consequences — urban specialization is essential to support large populations in limited areas.
- Social Heterogeneity: Larger settlements offer more diverse populations, allowing unique lifestyles and professions compared to rural communities.
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Description
Explore key concepts of clustered and dispersed rural settlements with these flashcards. Perfect for understanding the characteristics that define different types of agricultural communities. Ideal for students studying geography or urban planning.
