AP Gov Test 4 Flashcards

Federalism divides authority between national and state governments, ensuring a balance of power.
Enumerated Powers, also known as Expressed Powers, are explicitly granted to the National government by the Constitution.
Examples of Enumerated Powers include declaring war, coining money, and punishing lawbreakers.

Reserved Powers are those not assigned to the federal government, preserved for state governments, backed by the 10th Amendment.
Examples of Reserved Powers: issuing driver’s licenses, establishing marriage laws, and conducting elections.
Concurrent Powers are shared by federal and state governments, including taxing, making laws, and environmental protection.

Delegated Powers encompass Expressed, Implied, and Inherent powers explicitly assigned to the National Government.
Implied Powers are inferred from Enumerated Powers and not explicitly stated in the Constitution, supported by the Elastic Clause.
Hamilton's creation of the National Bank exemplifies an Implied Power, seen as necessary for regulating currency.

The Second National Bank was chartered in April 1816 amid controversy regarding its impact on state economies.
Maryland imposed a stamp tax on the bank, leading to a court case initiated by bank cashier James McCulloch.
The Supreme Court ruled the national bank's establishment was constitutional under the Necessary and Proper Clause.

The Supreme Court affirmed that state taxation of the national bank violated the Supremacy Principle, establishing federal law's primacy over states.
The Supremacy Clause, found in Article Six, resolves conflicts in favor of federal authority.

Federalist #10, authored by James Madison, examines the dangers of factions within a republic.
Inherent Powers pertain to immigration regulation, territorial acquisition, and deportation of aliens.

Dual Federalism posits that national and state governments operate within their distinct spheres, maintaining separation.
Marble Cake Federalism illustrates the intermingling of responsibilities among various government levels.
Devolution Federalism emerged during Nixon's administration, advocating for a return of powers to the states.
New Federalism, promoted during the Reagan era, sought to return authority and funding to state governments for various programs.