A&P Class Chapter 16 Flashcards
28 Questions
100 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What are Peyer's Patches?

Lymphatic nodules residing in the small intestines.

What are the two types of phagocytes?

Macrophage and Neutrophils.

What is a Macrophage?

An important phagocyte that remains fixed in strategic areas.

What are Neutrophils?

<p>Phagocytes that accumulate rapidly at sites of acute injury.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the body's largest lymphatic organ?

<p>Spleen.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the functions of the spleen?

<p>Immunity, destruction of old red blood cells, blood storage, and hematopoiesis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

The spleen lies in the upper ________________ quadrant of the abdomen.

<p>left</p> Signup and view all the answers

The spleen is structurally similar to the ________________________.

<p>Lymph Nodes</p> Signup and view all the answers

Lymphocytes and Macrophages in the _________________ pulp screen the passing blood for foreign antigens.

<p>White</p> Signup and view all the answers

Macrophages in the _________________ remove the digest worn-out blood cells.

<p>sinuses</p> Signup and view all the answers

The spleen stores what percentage of the body's platelets?

<p>20% to 30%</p> Signup and view all the answers

The spleen produces ____________________ in the fetus.

<p>red blood cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

When a phagocyte encounters a microorganism, it sends out membrane projections called ________________.

<p>Pseudopods</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are Lymph Nodes?

<p>Kidney-shaped masses of lymphatic tissue that lie along lymphatic vessels.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do Tonsils consist of?

<p>Masses of lymphoid tissue that form a protective circle at the back of the throat.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the Thymus?

<p>Lymphoid organ where T cells mature; located in the mediastinal cavity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is Lysozyme?

<p>Contains an enzyme which destroys bacteria.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is IgG?

<p>The primary antibody of the secondary immune response; the most abundant of all immunoglobulins.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do Helper T Cells do?

<p>They play a supportive role.</p> Signup and view all the answers

The immune process begins when a _____________________ ingests an antigen.

<p>Phagocyte</p> Signup and view all the answers

Called an __________________________, this displays fragments of the antigen on its surface.

<p>Antigen Presenting Cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

This process is called _______________, which alerts the immune system to the presence of a foreign antigen.

<p>Antigen presentation</p> Signup and view all the answers

When a ______________ spots the foreign antigen, it binds to it.

<p>T-cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

This activates (or sensitizes) the __________, which begins dividing repeatedly to form clones.

<p>T-cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

Some of these cells become __________________________ (such as __________________________ cells and ______________________ cells), which will carry out the attack.

<p>Effector Cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

The _______________________________________ cell binds to the surface of the antigen and delivers a toxic dose of chemicals that will kill it.

<p>Cytotoxic T</p> Signup and view all the answers

___________________________________ cells support the attack by secreting the chemical ________________________, which attracts neutrophils.

<p>Helper T</p> Signup and view all the answers

It also stimulates the production of ____ and _____ cells.

<p>T and B</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Peyer's Patches

  • Lymphatic nodules found in the small intestines, involved in immune monitoring.

Phagocytes

  • Two primary types: Macrophages and Neutrophils play essential roles in the immune response.

Macrophages

  • Crucial fixed phagocytes located strategically throughout the body for effective immune function.

Neutrophils

  • Mobile phagocytes that rapidly gather at sites of acute injury to combat infections.

Spleen

  • Largest lymphatic organ in the body, rich in lymphocytes, integral to immune function and blood maintenance.

Functions of the Spleen

  • Immunity: Filters blood to remove pathogens.
  • Destruction of Old Red Blood Cells: Responsible for recycling cellular components.
  • Blood Storage: Reservoir for blood.
  • Hematopoiesis: Produces blood cells in fetuses.

Spleen Location

  • Positioned in the upper left quadrant of the abdomen.

Structural Similarity

  • The spleen bears a resemblance to lymph nodes in its organization and function.

White Pulp

  • Contains lymphocytes and macrophages that filter blood for foreign antigens.

Macrophage Activity

  • Located in sinuses, they digest and remove old blood cells and debris.

Platelet Storage

  • Approximately 20% to 30% of the body's platelets are stored in the spleen.

Fetal Development

  • Produces red blood cells in the fetus, supporting early life.

Pseudopods

  • Extensions of the membrane of phagocytes used to engulf microorganisms.

Lymph Nodes

  • Kidney-shaped structures compose the lymphatic system and filter lymphatic fluid.

Tonsils

  • Aggregations of lymphoid tissue that create a protective circle at the back of the throat against pathogens.

Thymus

  • A lymphoid organ where T cells mature, situated in the mediastinal cavity.

Lysozyme

  • Enzyme present in immune cells that destroys bacteria, contributing to the immune response.

IgG Antibodies

  • The most abundant immunoglobulin, constituting 80% of circulating antibodies, key in secondary immune responses.

Helper T Cells

  • Facilitate the immune response by supporting other immune cells.

Antigen Recognition

  • Immune process begins with phagocytes ingesting antigens, leading to an antigen presentation to T cells.

T-Cell Activation

  • Antigen-presenting cells display antigen fragments to T cells, triggering their activation and clonal expansion.

Effector Cells

  • Some activated T cells differentiate into cytotoxic T cells and helper T cells, responsible for attacking pathogens.

Cytotoxic T Cells

  • Directly kill infected cells by binding to their surfaces and delivering toxic chemicals.

Helper T Cell Function

  • Secrete interleukins that help attract other immune cells (neutrophils, natural killer cells) and stimulate B and T cell production.

Studying That Suits You

Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

Quiz Team

Description

Test your knowledge with these flashcards covering key concepts from Chapter 16 of the Anatomy and Physiology class. Learn about important terms such as Peyer's Patches, macrophages, and neutrophils. Perfect for students looking to reinforce their understanding of the immune system.

More Like This

Use Quizgecko on...
Browser
Open
Browser
Browser