Questions and Answers
Keratinocytes of the epidermis are usually present for about ___ weeks.
4
The major functions of merocrine sweat glands are ___ (Select all that apply).
In thin and thick skin, the layers that contain living cells are the stratum ___, stratum ___, and stratum ___.
basale, spinosum, granulosum
Sebaceous glands produce a ___ material that coats hair shafts and the epidermal surface.
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Women often accumulate subcutaneous fat in the ___ (Select all that apply).
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The visible part of each nail consists of two parts: a pinkish nail ___, which appears pink because of blood flowing through underlying ___, and the distal whitish free ___.
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The epidermis lacks which of the following? (Select all that apply)
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The acidic pH of merocrine sweat helps prevent the growth of some pathogenic bacteria.
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The whitish semilunar area of the proximal end of the nail body is called the ___.
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Sebaceous glands are activated primarily by ___ during puberty in both sexes.
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Many cells in the epidermis produce ___ when exposed to UV radiation (Select all that apply).
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Classify the tissue type of epidermis: keratinized ___ ___ epithelium.
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A hemangioma is a congenital anomaly that results in skin discoloration due to ___ that proliferate and form a benign tumor.
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The reason the cells of the stratum spinosum have a spiny appearance when viewed under a microscope is due to the shrinkage of the ___ during slide presentation while the intercellular attachments called ___ and cytoskeletal elements remain intact.
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During the process of keratinization, the ___ and organelles of the cells disintegrate, and the cell starts to die. Also, their membranes become thicker and less ___ to water.
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Among the stimuli detected by the sensory receptors of the skin are ___? (Select all that apply)
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Which is a possible description of the skin's form and function? (Select all that apply)
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In children, which hair type is the primary human hair and is found on most of the body?
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Merocrine sweat glands are classified as ___ glands that release their secretion into the surface of the skin.
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Friction ridges are located on the skin in four regions of the body: ___, ___, ___, and toes.
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The main functions of the subcutaneous layers are which of the following? (Select all that apply)
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The color of hair is the result of?
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Normal skin color results from a combination of factors, mainly pigments called ___, ___, and ___.
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Cold can result in blood vessel ___ in the dermis to ___ blood flow, which allows the body to conserve heat.
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Tactile cells are described best by which of the following? (Select all that apply)
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Study Notes
Keratinocytes and Skin Layers
- Keratinocytes in the epidermis have a lifespan of about 4 weeks.
- Living cell layers in thin and thick skin include the stratum basale, stratum spinosum, and stratum granulosum.
Sweat and Sebaceous Glands
- Major functions of merocrine sweat glands include secretion, thermoregulation, and protection.
- Sebaceous glands produce an oily material that coats hair shafts and the epidermal surface.
- Activation of sebaceous glands during puberty is primarily driven by sex hormones.
Subcutaneous Fat Distribution
- Women commonly accumulate subcutaneous fat in the breasts and buttocks.
Nail Structure
- Visible parts of nails consist of the pinkish nail body (due to underlying capillaries) and the white distal free edge (lacking capillaries).
- The proximal end of the nail body features a whitish semilunar area called the lunula.
Epidermis Characteristics
- The epidermis lacks adipose tissue, collagen fibers, and blood vessels.
- It is classified as keratinized stratified squamous epithelium.
Responses to UV Radiation
- Exposure to UV radiation leads to the production of vitamin D3 and cholecalciferol in skin cells.
Skin and Sensory Receptors
- Hemangiomas result from the proliferation of blood vessels, causing skin discoloration.
- Sensory receptors in the skin detect stimuli such as vibration, cold, and pressure.
Skin Functions
- The skin serves as an indicator of health, is self-renewing, and functions as a barrier.
- Main functions of subcutaneous layers include acting as an energy reservoir, protecting the body, and providing thermal insulation.
Hair Types and Color
- Vellus hair is the primary hair type present on children's bodies.
- Hair color results from melanin production, and normal skin color is influenced by melanin, carotene, and hemoglobin.
Blood Flow and Temperature Regulation
- Cold conditions cause blood vessel contraction in the dermis, reducing blood flow to help conserve heat.
Tactile Cells
- Tactile cells, also known as Merkel cells, play a crucial role in the sensation of touch.
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Description
Test your knowledge with these flashcards covering Chapter 6 of Anatomy & Physiology. The questions focus on epidermis, sweat glands, and skin layers, helping you to solidify your understanding of the material. Perfect for students preparing for exams!
