Questions and Answers
Which of the following is the control center for cellular operations?
Which of the following organelles is involved in the digestion of foreign material?
Where is most of the ATP required to power cellular operations produced?
Where does the synthesis of lipids take place?
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A solution that contains a higher solute concentration than the cytoplasm of a cell is referred to as:
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Which of the following is true about cell membranes?
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The movement of oxygen from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration is an example of:
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The fluid-filled cavity within mitochondria is called the:
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The basic structural and functional unit of the kidney:
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Which organelles are responsible for protein synthesis?
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The cell membrane is also called the:
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The primary substances that make up cell membranes are:
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The clear liquid portion of the cytoplasm is known as the:
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Which of the following is made up mostly of RNA and protein and has no surrounding membrane?
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Which of the following is not a passive cell mechanism?
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The cell's DNA is located in the:
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Three basic parts of a cell include the cell membrane, the nucleus, and the _____
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White blood cells that engulf disease-causing bacteria are involved in the process of _____
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Any solution with a higher osmotic pressure than body fluids is called hypertonic.
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The study of cellular structure and function is referred to as histology.
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ATP is manufactured within the cell in the:
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Which of the following is the largest component of cytoplasm?
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The control center for cellular operations is the:
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The centromere sections of each chromosome are pulled apart to become individual chromosomes and move towards opposite ends of the cell during:
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During cell division, chromatids separate into daughter chromosomes. In which of the following phases does this occur?
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Renewing or modifying the cell membrane is a function of the:
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During active transport, a cell must expend _____ to accomplish the movement of a substance.
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A substance known to cause cancer is referred to as a(n) _____.
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Communication between the nucleus and cytoplasm occurs via _____.
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The proper distribution of a cell's genetic material to two daughter cells is accomplished by the process of _____.
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The smallest of the cytoskeletal elements are _____.
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The cell membrane is also called the cytoskeleton.
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Cholesterol helps to stabilize the cell membrane while decreasing the mobility of the phospholipids.
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Cytokinesis means the process of nucleus divisions.
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A network of intracellular membranes connected to the nuclear envelope is called microvilli.
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Houses DNA and RNA:
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Produce ATP:
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The actual site of protein synthesis:
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Dense spherical bodies in the nucleus that are the synthesis site of ribosomal RNA:
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Plays a role in the synthesis of steroid-based hormones and proteins:
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Disposal of wastes and digestion of food inside the cell:
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Cell parts that speed up many biochemical reactions:
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Sites of protein synthesis, also called the protein factories:
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A two-membrane structure that separates the nucleus from the cytoplasmic compartment:
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A stack of several flattened sacs:
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The powerhouses of cells:
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The movement of water through membranes from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration:
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Forces molecules through membranes:
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The total concentration of all solute particles in a solution:
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Study Notes
Cell Structure and Function
- The nucleus serves as the control center for cellular operations.
- Lysosomes are organelles essential for digesting foreign material.
- Mitochondria are known as the powerhouses of the cell, where most ATP is produced.
- Smooth endoplasmic reticulum functions in lipid synthesis and processing.
Solutions and Cell Membranes
- A solution with a higher solute concentration than cytoplasm is termed hypertonic.
- Cell membranes are described as differentially permeable or semipermeable, allowing selective passage of substances.
Cellular Processes
- Diffusion is the movement of oxygen from high to low concentration.
- Phagocytosis involves white blood cells engulfing bacteria as part of the immune response.
- Active transport requires energy for the movement of substances against concentration gradients.
Key Structures and Components
- The matrix refers to the fluid-filled cavity within mitochondria.
- Cytosol is the clear liquid portion of the cytoplasm.
- The largest cytoplasmic component is water.
- Ribosomes are vital for protein synthesis and are often termed as the cell’s protein factories.
Genetic Information and Cell Division
- Cell DNA is primarily housed within the nucleus.
- Mitosis ensures the proper distribution of genetic material to daughter cells during cell division.
- Chromatids separate into daughter chromosomes during the anaphase of cell division.
Organelles and Their Functions
- The golgi apparatus is responsible for modifying and renewing cell membranes.
- Nucleoli are dense structures in the nucleus where ribosomal RNA is synthesized.
- Endoplasmic reticulum plays a key role in synthesizing steroid-based hormones and proteins.
Membrane Structure
- The plasma membrane is another name for the cell membrane, composed largely of lipids and proteins.
- Cholesterol within the membrane stabilizes its structure and regulates phospholipid mobility.
Miscellaneous
- Nuclear pores facilitate communication between the nucleus and the cytoplasm.
- Carcinogens are substances known to cause cancer.
- Peroxisomes expedite biochemical reactions within the cell.
Studying That Suits You
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Description
Test your knowledge of cellular structures and functions with these flashcards. Chapter 3 focuses on the organelles that play crucial roles in cellular operations, including the nucleus and lysosomes. Perfect for reinforcing your understanding of human anatomy and physiology.
