A&P Chapter 20 Flashcards

Questions and Answers

Artery is to as vein is to

efferent; afferent

The heart beats approximately ________ times each day.

10,000

100,000 (correct)

1,000,000

1,000

10,000,000

The heart pumps approximately ________ liters of blood each day.

15,000

50,000

20,000

100,000

8,000 (correct)

Excess fluid in the ________ causes cardiac tamponade.

pericardial cavity Signup and view all the answers

Tetanic muscle contractions don't occur in normal cardiac muscle because:

the refractory period lasts until the muscle relaxes. Signup and view all the answers

The adult heart is roughly the size of:

a man's clenched fist. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following descriptions matches the term near the left fifth intercostal space?

apex of heart Signup and view all the answers

The term used to describe fluid collecting in the pericardial cavity that restricts the movement of the heart is known as:

cardiac tamponade. Signup and view all the answers

The interventricular sulci and coronary sulcus:

All of the answers are correct. Signup and view all the answers

The structure that permits blood flow from the right atrium to the left atrium in fetal circulation is the:

foramen ovale. Signup and view all the answers

Blood leaves the right ventricle by passing through the:

pulmonary valve. Signup and view all the answers

Intercalated discs serve to transfer ________ from cell to cell.

All of the answers are correct. Signup and view all the answers

Cardiac muscle cells and skeletal muscle cells differ in several ways. Which of the following is not one of them?

Cardiac muscle cells lack transverse tubules. Signup and view all the answers

The atrioventricular valves permit blood flow:

in one direction only. Signup and view all the answers

Blood returning to the heart from the systemic circuit first enters the:

right atrium. Signup and view all the answers

Blood returning to the heart from the pulmonary circuit first enters the:

left atrium. Signup and view all the answers

The earlike extension of the atrium is the:

auricle. Signup and view all the answers

The coronary sulcus is a groove that:

marks the border between the atria and ventricles. Signup and view all the answers

In the middle of the thoracic cavity is a region occupied by the heart, great vessels, thymus, esophagus, and trachea called the:

mediastinum. Signup and view all the answers

The cusps (leaflets) of atrioventricular valves attach directly to:

chordae tendineae. Signup and view all the answers

Contractions of the papillary muscles:

prevent the atrioventricular valves from reversing into the atria. Signup and view all the answers

The visceral pericardium is the same as the:

epicardium. Signup and view all the answers

Most of the middle layer in the heart wall is composed of:

cardiac muscle cells. Signup and view all the answers

The right ventricle pumps blood to the:

right and left lungs. Signup and view all the answers

The left ventricle pumps blood to the:

aorta. Signup and view all the answers

The right atrium receives blood from the:

All of the answers are correct. Signup and view all the answers

In order to perform a coronary artery bypass graft, a cardiac surgeon must:

open the pericardial sac. Signup and view all the answers

When a blood clot forms on a ruptured plaque in a coronary artery, the condition is referred to as a(n):

coronary thrombosis. Signup and view all the answers

Cardiac cells damaged by infarction will show which of the following?

All of the answers are correct. Signup and view all the answers

Blood flowing into the heart from the venae cavae flows next through the ________ valve.

tricuspid Signup and view all the answers

As blood leaves the right ventricle, it passes through the ________ and then into the pulmonary trunk.

conus arteriosus Signup and view all the answers

Coronary veins empty into the:

right atrium. Signup and view all the answers

There are ________ pulmonary veins.

4 Signup and view all the answers

Rupture of the papillary muscles in the left ventricle may result in:

All of the answers are correct. Signup and view all the answers

When the semilunar valves close, the AV valves then:

open. Signup and view all the answers

The ________ deliver(s) blood to the myocardium.

coronary arteries Signup and view all the answers

The connective tissue fibers of the myocardium:

All of the answers are correct. Signup and view all the answers

Blood is supplied to the muscular wall of the left atrium by the:

left coronary artery. Signup and view all the answers

The pulmonary semilunar valve prevents backward flow into the:

right ventricle. Signup and view all the answers

The bicuspid or mitral valve is located:

between the left atrium and left ventricle. Signup and view all the answers

The ________ valve prevents backward flow into the left atrium.

bicuspid Signup and view all the answers

The function of an atrium is to:

collect blood then pump it to the ventricle. Signup and view all the answers

Compared to the right ventricle, the left ventricle has all the following characteristics except:

pumps a greater volume. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following are involved in the pulmonary circuit?

right ventricle, pulmonary trunk, left atrium Signup and view all the answers

The right pulmonary veins carry blood to the .

oxygenated; left atrium Signup and view all the answers

The following is a list of vessels and structures that are associated with the heart. What is the correct order for the flow of blood entering from the systemic circulation?

5, 1, 3, 7, 8, 2, 4, 6 Signup and view all the answers

The pulmonary arteries carry blood to the:

lungs. Signup and view all the answers

The pulmonary veins carry blood to the:

heart. Signup and view all the answers

The foramen ovale in the fetal heart is located in the:

interatrial septum. Signup and view all the answers

Blood is supplied to the myocardium by:

the coronary arteries. Signup and view all the answers

The first blood vessels to branch from the aorta are the ________ arteries.

coronary Signup and view all the answers

The marginal branch and posterior interventricular branch are branches of the:

right coronary artery. Signup and view all the answers

The circumflex branch and the anterior interventricular artery are branches of the:

left coronary artery. Signup and view all the answers

The great and middle cardiac veins drain blood into the:

coronary sinus. Signup and view all the answers

The superior portion of the heart where major blood vessels enter and exit is the:

base. Signup and view all the answers

An equivalent term for epicardium is:

visceral pericardium. Signup and view all the answers

The wall of the ________ rests on the diaphragm.

right ventricle Signup and view all the answers

The space between the pleural cavities is called the:

mediastinum. Signup and view all the answers

Pericardial fluid:

is a lubricant between the heart and the pericardial sac. Signup and view all the answers

The ________ is shared by the two ventricles.

interventricular septum Signup and view all the answers

The ________ circuit carries blood to and from the lungs.

pulmonary Signup and view all the answers

The ________ circuit carries blood from the aorta to the right ventricle.

systemic Signup and view all the answers

The muscle layer of the heart is the:

myocardium. Signup and view all the answers

________ is the symptom generally brought on by coronary ischemia.

Angina pectoris Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is true regarding cardiac muscle?

There are specialized gap junctions in cardiac muscle not found in skeletal or smooth muscles. Signup and view all the answers

The coronary sinus drains the into the .

cardiac veins; right atrium Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is true concerning differences between the right and left ventricles?

The efficiency of the right ventricle is increased by the left ventricle because the wall of the left ventricle pushes into the right ventricle. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Heart Structure and Function

Arteries carry blood away from the heart, while veins transport blood to the heart, correlating with terms efferent (away) and afferent (toward).
The heart beats approximately 100,000 times daily, ensuring continual circulation.
It pumps around 8,000 liters of blood daily, maintaining systemic and pulmonary circulation.

Cardiac Conditions and Structures

Excess fluid in the pericardial cavity can cause cardiac tamponade, restricting heart movement.
Tetanic muscle contractions are prevented in cardiac muscle due to a prolonged refractory period.
The coronary sinus drains cardiac veins into the right atrium, aiding in the heart's venous return.

Cardiac Anatomy

The adult heart is roughly the size of a man's clenched fist.
The apex of the heart is located near the left fifth intercostal space.
Cardiac muscle cells are different from skeletal muscle cells in size and structure, notably possessing intercalated discs for efficient contraction.

Blood Flow and Circulation

Blood returning from the systemic circuit enters the right atrium first, while blood returning from the pulmonary circuit enters the left atrium.
The atrioventricular valves ensure unidirectional blood flow, preventing backflow into atria during contraction.
Blood from the right ventricle exits through the pulmonary valve into the pulmonary trunk for oxygenation.

Coronary Circulation

The coronary arteries are responsible for supplying blood to the myocardium.
There are four pulmonary veins, transporting oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium.

Special Terms and Structures

The foramen ovale, located in the interatrial septum of the fetal heart, allows blood flow between atria before birth.
Atrioventricular valve cusps attach to chordae tendineae, preventing prolapse during contraction.

Clinical Relevance

Rupture of papillary muscles can lead to mitral valve regurgitation, causing complications in blood flow.
Conditions like myocardial infarction arise from clots on ruptured plaques in coronary arteries, referred to as coronary thrombosis.

Cardiac Mechanics

Papillary muscle contractions help prevent atrioventricular valve prolapse, maintaining proper heart function.
Intercalated discs in cardiac muscle facilitate the rapid transmission of electrical signals for coordinated contraction.

Circulatory Pathways

Blood flows through a specific sequence from the venae cavae to the right atrium and on through various chambers, exiting via the aorta.
The pulmonary arteries are specifically designated for transporting deoxygenated blood to the lungs for oxygen replenishment.

Overall Heart Physiology

The heart primarily comprises cardiac muscle (myocardium), which enables strong contractions necessary for effective circulation.
The mediastinum houses the heart along with other vital structures, providing spatial organization within the thorax.

Summary of Key Differences

The left ventricle wall is thicker and pumps blood to the systemic circuit with greater pressure compared to the right ventricle, which directs blood to the lungs.

Studying That Suits You

Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

Description

Test your knowledge of the cardiovascular system with these flashcards from A&P Chapter 20. This quiz covers key concepts such as the functions of arteries and veins, heartbeats per day, and blood volume. Perfect for reinforcing your understanding of anatomy and physiology.

A&P Chapter 20 Flashcards

Questions and Answers

Artery is to ________ as vein is to ________

The heart beats approximately ________ times each day.

The heart pumps approximately ________ liters of blood each day.

Excess fluid in the ________ causes cardiac tamponade.

Tetanic muscle contractions don't occur in normal cardiac muscle because:

The adult heart is roughly the size of:

Which of the following descriptions matches the term near the left fifth intercostal space?

The term used to describe fluid collecting in the pericardial cavity that restricts the movement of the heart is known as:

The interventricular sulci and coronary sulcus:

The structure that permits blood flow from the right atrium to the left atrium in fetal circulation is the:

Blood leaves the right ventricle by passing through the:

Intercalated discs serve to transfer ________ from cell to cell.

Cardiac muscle cells and skeletal muscle cells differ in several ways. Which of the following is not one of them?

The atrioventricular valves permit blood flow:

Blood returning to the heart from the systemic circuit first enters the:

Blood returning to the heart from the pulmonary circuit first enters the:

The earlike extension of the atrium is the:

The coronary sulcus is a groove that:

In the middle of the thoracic cavity is a region occupied by the heart, great vessels, thymus, esophagus, and trachea called the:

The cusps (leaflets) of atrioventricular valves attach directly to:

Contractions of the papillary muscles:

The visceral pericardium is the same as the:

Most of the middle layer in the heart wall is composed of:

The right ventricle pumps blood to the:

The left ventricle pumps blood to the:

The right atrium receives blood from the:

In order to perform a coronary artery bypass graft, a cardiac surgeon must:

When a blood clot forms on a ruptured plaque in a coronary artery, the condition is referred to as a(n):

Cardiac cells damaged by infarction will show which of the following?

Blood flowing into the heart from the venae cavae flows next through the ________ valve.

As blood leaves the right ventricle, it passes through the ________ and then into the pulmonary trunk.

Coronary veins empty into the:

There are ________ pulmonary veins.

Rupture of the papillary muscles in the left ventricle may result in:

When the semilunar valves close, the AV valves then:

The ________ deliver(s) blood to the myocardium.

The connective tissue fibers of the myocardium:

Blood is supplied to the muscular wall of the left atrium by the:

The pulmonary semilunar valve prevents backward flow into the:

The bicuspid or mitral valve is located:

The ________ valve prevents backward flow into the left atrium.

The function of an atrium is to:

Compared to the right ventricle, the left ventricle has all the following characteristics except:

Which of the following are involved in the pulmonary circuit?

The right pulmonary veins carry ________ blood to the ________.

The following is a list of vessels and structures that are associated with the heart. What is the correct order for the flow of blood entering from the systemic circulation?

The pulmonary arteries carry blood to the:

The pulmonary veins carry blood to the:

The foramen ovale in the fetal heart is located in the:

Blood is supplied to the myocardium by:

The first blood vessels to branch from the aorta are the ________ arteries.

The marginal branch and posterior interventricular branch are branches of the:

The circumflex branch and the anterior interventricular artery are branches of the:

The great and middle cardiac veins drain blood into the:

The superior portion of the heart where major blood vessels enter and exit is the:

An equivalent term for epicardium is:

The wall of the ________ rests on the diaphragm.

The space between the pleural cavities is called the:

Pericardial fluid:

The ________ is shared by the two ventricles.

The ________ circuit carries blood to and from the lungs.

The ________ circuit carries blood from the aorta to the right ventricle.

The muscle layer of the heart is the:

________ is the symptom generally brought on by coronary ischemia.

Which of the following statements is true regarding cardiac muscle?

The coronary sinus drains the ________ into the ________.

Which of the following statements is true concerning differences between the right and left ventricles?

Study Notes

Heart Structure and Function

Cardiac Conditions and Structures

Cardiac Anatomy

Blood Flow and Circulation

Coronary Circulation

Special Terms and Structures

Clinical Relevance

Cardiac Mechanics

Circulatory Pathways

Overall Heart Physiology

Artery is to as vein is to

The right pulmonary veins carry blood to the .

The coronary sinus drains the into the .