Podcast
Questions and Answers
Artery is to ________ as vein is to ________
Artery is to ________ as vein is to ________
efferent; afferent
The heart beats approximately ________ times each day.
The heart beats approximately ________ times each day.
The heart pumps approximately ________ liters of blood each day.
The heart pumps approximately ________ liters of blood each day.
Excess fluid in the ________ causes cardiac tamponade.
Excess fluid in the ________ causes cardiac tamponade.
Signup and view all the answers
Tetanic muscle contractions don't occur in normal cardiac muscle because:
Tetanic muscle contractions don't occur in normal cardiac muscle because:
Signup and view all the answers
The adult heart is roughly the size of:
The adult heart is roughly the size of:
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following descriptions matches the term near the left fifth intercostal space?
Which of the following descriptions matches the term near the left fifth intercostal space?
Signup and view all the answers
The term used to describe fluid collecting in the pericardial cavity that restricts the movement of the heart is known as:
The term used to describe fluid collecting in the pericardial cavity that restricts the movement of the heart is known as:
Signup and view all the answers
The interventricular sulci and coronary sulcus:
The interventricular sulci and coronary sulcus:
Signup and view all the answers
The structure that permits blood flow from the right atrium to the left atrium in fetal circulation is the:
The structure that permits blood flow from the right atrium to the left atrium in fetal circulation is the:
Signup and view all the answers
Blood leaves the right ventricle by passing through the:
Blood leaves the right ventricle by passing through the:
Signup and view all the answers
Intercalated discs serve to transfer ________ from cell to cell.
Intercalated discs serve to transfer ________ from cell to cell.
Signup and view all the answers
Cardiac muscle cells and skeletal muscle cells differ in several ways. Which of the following is not one of them?
Cardiac muscle cells and skeletal muscle cells differ in several ways. Which of the following is not one of them?
Signup and view all the answers
The atrioventricular valves permit blood flow:
The atrioventricular valves permit blood flow:
Signup and view all the answers
Blood returning to the heart from the systemic circuit first enters the:
Blood returning to the heart from the systemic circuit first enters the:
Signup and view all the answers
Blood returning to the heart from the pulmonary circuit first enters the:
Blood returning to the heart from the pulmonary circuit first enters the:
Signup and view all the answers
The earlike extension of the atrium is the:
The earlike extension of the atrium is the:
Signup and view all the answers
The coronary sulcus is a groove that:
The coronary sulcus is a groove that:
Signup and view all the answers
In the middle of the thoracic cavity is a region occupied by the heart, great vessels, thymus, esophagus, and trachea called the:
In the middle of the thoracic cavity is a region occupied by the heart, great vessels, thymus, esophagus, and trachea called the:
Signup and view all the answers
The cusps (leaflets) of atrioventricular valves attach directly to:
The cusps (leaflets) of atrioventricular valves attach directly to:
Signup and view all the answers
Contractions of the papillary muscles:
Contractions of the papillary muscles:
Signup and view all the answers
The visceral pericardium is the same as the:
The visceral pericardium is the same as the:
Signup and view all the answers
Most of the middle layer in the heart wall is composed of:
Most of the middle layer in the heart wall is composed of:
Signup and view all the answers
The right ventricle pumps blood to the:
The right ventricle pumps blood to the:
Signup and view all the answers
The left ventricle pumps blood to the:
The left ventricle pumps blood to the:
Signup and view all the answers
The right atrium receives blood from the:
The right atrium receives blood from the:
Signup and view all the answers
In order to perform a coronary artery bypass graft, a cardiac surgeon must:
In order to perform a coronary artery bypass graft, a cardiac surgeon must:
Signup and view all the answers
When a blood clot forms on a ruptured plaque in a coronary artery, the condition is referred to as a(n):
When a blood clot forms on a ruptured plaque in a coronary artery, the condition is referred to as a(n):
Signup and view all the answers
Cardiac cells damaged by infarction will show which of the following?
Cardiac cells damaged by infarction will show which of the following?
Signup and view all the answers
Blood flowing into the heart from the venae cavae flows next through the ________ valve.
Blood flowing into the heart from the venae cavae flows next through the ________ valve.
Signup and view all the answers
As blood leaves the right ventricle, it passes through the ________ and then into the pulmonary trunk.
As blood leaves the right ventricle, it passes through the ________ and then into the pulmonary trunk.
Signup and view all the answers
Coronary veins empty into the:
Coronary veins empty into the:
Signup and view all the answers
There are ________ pulmonary veins.
There are ________ pulmonary veins.
Signup and view all the answers
Rupture of the papillary muscles in the left ventricle may result in:
Rupture of the papillary muscles in the left ventricle may result in:
Signup and view all the answers
When the semilunar valves close, the AV valves then:
When the semilunar valves close, the AV valves then:
Signup and view all the answers
The ________ deliver(s) blood to the myocardium.
The ________ deliver(s) blood to the myocardium.
Signup and view all the answers
The connective tissue fibers of the myocardium:
The connective tissue fibers of the myocardium:
Signup and view all the answers
Blood is supplied to the muscular wall of the left atrium by the:
Blood is supplied to the muscular wall of the left atrium by the:
Signup and view all the answers
The pulmonary semilunar valve prevents backward flow into the:
The pulmonary semilunar valve prevents backward flow into the:
Signup and view all the answers
The bicuspid or mitral valve is located:
The bicuspid or mitral valve is located:
Signup and view all the answers
The ________ valve prevents backward flow into the left atrium.
The ________ valve prevents backward flow into the left atrium.
Signup and view all the answers
The function of an atrium is to:
The function of an atrium is to:
Signup and view all the answers
Compared to the right ventricle, the left ventricle has all the following characteristics except:
Compared to the right ventricle, the left ventricle has all the following characteristics except:
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following are involved in the pulmonary circuit?
Which of the following are involved in the pulmonary circuit?
Signup and view all the answers
The right pulmonary veins carry ________ blood to the ________.
The right pulmonary veins carry ________ blood to the ________.
Signup and view all the answers
The following is a list of vessels and structures that are associated with the heart. What is the correct order for the flow of blood entering from the systemic circulation?
The following is a list of vessels and structures that are associated with the heart. What is the correct order for the flow of blood entering from the systemic circulation?
Signup and view all the answers
The pulmonary arteries carry blood to the:
The pulmonary arteries carry blood to the:
Signup and view all the answers
The pulmonary veins carry blood to the:
The pulmonary veins carry blood to the:
Signup and view all the answers
The foramen ovale in the fetal heart is located in the:
The foramen ovale in the fetal heart is located in the:
Signup and view all the answers
Blood is supplied to the myocardium by:
Blood is supplied to the myocardium by:
Signup and view all the answers
The first blood vessels to branch from the aorta are the ________ arteries.
The first blood vessels to branch from the aorta are the ________ arteries.
Signup and view all the answers
The marginal branch and posterior interventricular branch are branches of the:
The marginal branch and posterior interventricular branch are branches of the:
Signup and view all the answers
The circumflex branch and the anterior interventricular artery are branches of the:
The circumflex branch and the anterior interventricular artery are branches of the:
Signup and view all the answers
The great and middle cardiac veins drain blood into the:
The great and middle cardiac veins drain blood into the:
Signup and view all the answers
The superior portion of the heart where major blood vessels enter and exit is the:
The superior portion of the heart where major blood vessels enter and exit is the:
Signup and view all the answers
An equivalent term for epicardium is:
An equivalent term for epicardium is:
Signup and view all the answers
The wall of the ________ rests on the diaphragm.
The wall of the ________ rests on the diaphragm.
Signup and view all the answers
The space between the pleural cavities is called the:
The space between the pleural cavities is called the:
Signup and view all the answers
Pericardial fluid:
Pericardial fluid:
Signup and view all the answers
The ________ is shared by the two ventricles.
The ________ is shared by the two ventricles.
Signup and view all the answers
The ________ circuit carries blood to and from the lungs.
The ________ circuit carries blood to and from the lungs.
Signup and view all the answers
The ________ circuit carries blood from the aorta to the right ventricle.
The ________ circuit carries blood from the aorta to the right ventricle.
Signup and view all the answers
The muscle layer of the heart is the:
The muscle layer of the heart is the:
Signup and view all the answers
________ is the symptom generally brought on by coronary ischemia.
________ is the symptom generally brought on by coronary ischemia.
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following statements is true regarding cardiac muscle?
Which of the following statements is true regarding cardiac muscle?
Signup and view all the answers
The coronary sinus drains the ________ into the ________.
The coronary sinus drains the ________ into the ________.
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following statements is true concerning differences between the right and left ventricles?
Which of the following statements is true concerning differences between the right and left ventricles?
Signup and view all the answers
Study Notes
Heart Structure and Function
- Arteries carry blood away from the heart, while veins transport blood to the heart, correlating with terms efferent (away) and afferent (toward).
- The heart beats approximately 100,000 times daily, ensuring continual circulation.
- It pumps around 8,000 liters of blood daily, maintaining systemic and pulmonary circulation.
Cardiac Conditions and Structures
- Excess fluid in the pericardial cavity can cause cardiac tamponade, restricting heart movement.
- Tetanic muscle contractions are prevented in cardiac muscle due to a prolonged refractory period.
- The coronary sinus drains cardiac veins into the right atrium, aiding in the heart's venous return.
Cardiac Anatomy
- The adult heart is roughly the size of a man's clenched fist.
- The apex of the heart is located near the left fifth intercostal space.
- Cardiac muscle cells are different from skeletal muscle cells in size and structure, notably possessing intercalated discs for efficient contraction.
Blood Flow and Circulation
- Blood returning from the systemic circuit enters the right atrium first, while blood returning from the pulmonary circuit enters the left atrium.
- The atrioventricular valves ensure unidirectional blood flow, preventing backflow into atria during contraction.
- Blood from the right ventricle exits through the pulmonary valve into the pulmonary trunk for oxygenation.
Coronary Circulation
- The coronary arteries are responsible for supplying blood to the myocardium.
- There are four pulmonary veins, transporting oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium.
Special Terms and Structures
- The foramen ovale, located in the interatrial septum of the fetal heart, allows blood flow between atria before birth.
- Atrioventricular valve cusps attach to chordae tendineae, preventing prolapse during contraction.
Clinical Relevance
- Rupture of papillary muscles can lead to mitral valve regurgitation, causing complications in blood flow.
- Conditions like myocardial infarction arise from clots on ruptured plaques in coronary arteries, referred to as coronary thrombosis.
Cardiac Mechanics
- Papillary muscle contractions help prevent atrioventricular valve prolapse, maintaining proper heart function.
- Intercalated discs in cardiac muscle facilitate the rapid transmission of electrical signals for coordinated contraction.
Circulatory Pathways
- Blood flows through a specific sequence from the venae cavae to the right atrium and on through various chambers, exiting via the aorta.
- The pulmonary arteries are specifically designated for transporting deoxygenated blood to the lungs for oxygen replenishment.
Overall Heart Physiology
- The heart primarily comprises cardiac muscle (myocardium), which enables strong contractions necessary for effective circulation.
- The mediastinum houses the heart along with other vital structures, providing spatial organization within the thorax.
Summary of Key Differences
- The left ventricle wall is thicker and pumps blood to the systemic circuit with greater pressure compared to the right ventricle, which directs blood to the lungs.
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Description
Test your knowledge of the cardiovascular system with these flashcards from A&P Chapter 20. This quiz covers key concepts such as the functions of arteries and veins, heartbeats per day, and blood volume. Perfect for reinforcing your understanding of anatomy and physiology.
