A&P Chapter 2: Chemistry Flashcards

Questions and Answers

Na+ and K+ ions are electrolytes. Therefore, they dissolve......................in water.

and dissociate

Name the macromolecule made up by nucleotides, sugars, and amino acids.

Nucleic Acid (correct)

Carbohydrates (correct)

Proteins (correct)

All of the above

The amount of which subatomic particle is different between an atom and its ion?

Electrons

What are lipids?

Major component of the cell membrane Signup and view all the answers

Select all that are functions of proteins:

Transport of nutrients Signup and view all the answers

A polar bond is created when?

Atoms within a bond do not have the same pull on the shared electrons. Signup and view all the answers

What type of organic molecule comprises the majority of a potato?

Polysaccharides Signup and view all the answers

As a result of the electron configuration of a water molecule, water is a great A.)................because water can break up and surround a B.).................as long as it is C.)................

A.) Solvent, B.) Solute, C.) Nonpolar Signup and view all the answers

The.............region of an amphipathic molecule is attracted to water.

Polar Signup and view all the answers

Globular and fibrous shapes are created with..................structure of proteins caused by further folding due to disulfide bridges, hydrophobicity, and Van der Waals forces.

Tertiary Signup and view all the answers

Are lipids polymers?

False Signup and view all the answers

Are lipids insoluble?

True Signup and view all the answers

Lipids function as stored:

Nutrients Signup and view all the answers

The most common form of lipids are:

Triglycerides Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary structure of a protein?

A sequence of amino acids, monomers are linked through covalent peptide bonds Signup and view all the answers

What is the secondary structure of protein?

Alpha helix or beta pleated sheets Signup and view all the answers

What is the tertiary protein structure?

Final shape of polypeptide, may be spherical and compact, or extended and linear Signup and view all the answers

What is quaternary structure?

Two or more associated polypeptides, Ex: Hemoglobin Signup and view all the answers

Amino acids are made up of a (+) charged A.)..............group, a (-) charged B.).....................group, and a side chain.

A.) Amino, B.) Carboxyl Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Electrolytes and Solutions

Na+ and K+ ions act as electrolytes, dissolving and dissociating in water.

Macromolecules and Monomers

Nucleotides form Nucleic Acids.
Sugars are the building blocks of Carbohydrates.
Amino acids are the monomers for Proteins.

Atomic Structure

The distinguishing factor between an atom and its ion is the number of electrons.

Lipids

Lipids are essential components of cell membranes.
They do not form polymers and are insoluble in water.
Main form of lipids are triglycerides, serving as stored nutrients.

Protein Functions

Proteins primarily facilitate movement and transport nutrients, not serving as an energy source or storage for genetic information.

Polar Bonds

A polar bond arises when atoms in a bond exert unequal forces on shared electrons, causing electron distribution to favor one atom.

Organic Molecules

Polysaccharides make up the majority of a potato.

Properties of Water

Water acts as an effective solvent, breaking up and surrounding solutes that are nonpolar.

Amphipathic Molecules

The polar region of an amphipathic molecule is hydrophilic and attracted to water.

Protein Structure

Tertiary structure involves the three-dimensional shape of proteins, influenced by disulfide bridges, hydrophobic interactions, and Van der Waals forces.
Primary structure is defined by the sequence of amino acids linked by covalent peptide bonds.
Secondary structure can form alpha helices or beta-pleated sheets, providing flexibility.
Quaternary structure involves multiple polypeptides forming a functional unit, exemplified by hemoglobin.

Amino Acids Composition

Amino acids consist of a positively charged amino group, a negatively charged carboxyl group, and a variable side chain.

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Test your knowledge of fundamental chemistry concepts with these flashcards from Anatomy & Physiology Chapter 2. Focus on key topics such as electrolytes, macromolecules, and subatomic particles. Perfect for reviewing essential terms and definitions in preparation for your exam.